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) 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/*!
Timeline JS 3
Designed and built by Zach Wise for the Northwestern University Knight Lab
This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
*/
/*!
Timeline JS 3
Designed and built by Zach Wise for the Northwestern University Knight Lab
This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
*/
/*!
Timeline JS 3
Designed and built by Zach Wise for the Northwestern University Knight Lab
This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
*/
/*!
Timeline JS 3
Designed and built by Zach Wise for the Northwestern University Knight Lab
This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
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CRYSTAL-FACE | Catalog of Archived Suborbital Earth Science Investigations
Arrow left Back to ExploreCirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers Florida Area Cirrus Experiment Atmospheric Composition, Weather
1 view all deployment dates Deployment Deployment Dates Start Date End Date 2002-07-03 2002-07-29
9 Platforms 1 Data Products
The Campaign The Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) studied the physical properties and formation processes of tropical cirrus clouds. CRYSTAL-FACE had one deployment during July 2002 in southern Florida. Remote sensing and in situ instruments were deployed on various airborne platforms, balloons, and ground stations to measure cloud structure and radiative properties of cirrus anvils and aerosols. CRYSTAL-FACE was funded through NASA's Radiation Sciences Program.
Study Dates 2002-07-03 — 2002-07-29
Season of Study boreal summer
Spatial Bounds N: 28°N
S: 24°N
W: 84°W
E: 80°W
Focus Phenomena TROPICAL CIRRUS CLOUDS
CIRRUS ANVILS
TROPICAL CIRRUS CLOUD PROPERTIES
TROPICAL CIRRUS CLOUD FORMATION
UPPER TROPOSPHERIC CIRRUS CLOUDS
CIRRUS CLOUDS
WATER VAPOR
UPPER TROPOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR
LOWER STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR
EVOLUTION OF CIRRUS ANVILS
Permanent Land Site Citation WB-57 ER-2 Twin Otter Field Site Balloon Launch Site P-3 Proteus
Slide 1 of 9
Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) The NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) is a global ground-based network of Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) systems that has been active since 1999. MPLNET provides continuous measurements of aerosol and cloud vertical structure as well as boundary layer height from the surface up to 30 km. The MPL systems operate at a wavelength range of 523-532 nm and have a vertically-resolved spatial resolution of 30 to 75 m depending on the station. Many of the MPLNET sites are co-located with sites in the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) to help reduce errors in retrievals.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Vertical Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) The Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) is an airborne imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. CPI collects high-resolution (2.3 μm pixel size) images of cloud particles that pass through its sample volume. It uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that operates at 810 nm to record images and can take up to 74 frames per second with a refresh rate of 40 Hz. The imagery from CPI can be used to derive microphysical properties such as particle size and habit.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Counterflow Virtual Impactor (CVI) The Counterflow Virtual Impactor (CVI) is an in situ airborne instrument that samples cloud droplets. It samples cloud droplets by removing them from the surrounding air through inertial impaction. CVI is typically deployed with additional sensors to provide measurements of cloud particle concentration, cloud liquid water, and water vapor of the sample droplets. CVI can detect cloud droplets as small as 7 microns in diameter and has a typical time response of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Learn MoreArrow right High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS) The High Volume Particle Sampler, also known as the High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS), measures particle size distributions and obtains particle images in the size range of about 0.1 cm to 6 cm. It is an open-path instrument located on the outside of the aircraft, typically below the wing. A laser sheet throws a shadowgraph image of the hydrometeor (cloud droplets or ice crystals) in the sample volume on a photodiode array. As the hydrometeor moves through the sample volume, this optical array records the moving shape and a two-dimensional picture can be recorded. At an air speed of 100 m/s, the sample volume is 310 l/s. The recorded images can be analyzed for size distributions, number concentrations, and further cloud properties detailed below. Hydrometeors in the range of 0.3−19.2 mm can be fully recorded at a 150 μm resolution; larger particles can only be sized along the direction of flight. In order to keep the pixel resolution along the flight path constant, the system clock frequency is adjusted according to the detected True Air Speed (TAS) by the data system itself. The maximum clock frequency for the HVPS is 240 kHz. The HVPS data recorded during this project has 400 m m resolution along the flight path.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Learn MoreArrow right Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TDLAS) A Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TDLAS) is an airborne or ground-based in situ optical spectrometer. TDLAS measures the wavelength-dependent absorption of light to determine the concentration of various trace gases. It can also determine the gas species' temperature, pressure, velocity, and mass flux when possible. TDLAS has a typical time resolution of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Learn MoreArrow right Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter originally designed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It provides particle size distribution by measuring the intensity of the light scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles within a diameter range of 0.5 to 47 μm. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 Hz.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) The 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) is an in situ, airborne instrument that captures imagery of hydrometeors. It collects these images by recording the status (illuminated or shadowed) of the photodiode array as the shadow of the hydrometeors passes over. 2D-C/P also provides measurements of particle size distribution, cloud droplet concentration, and hydrometeor shape. Typically, 2D-C/P probes have an image resolution of 25 micrometers and can image hydrometeors with diameters up to 1600 micrometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Hydrometeors
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber (CFDC) The Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber (CFDC) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter (OPC). It utilizes vertical flow through two chambers with varying wall temperatures to grow ice particles within an OPC at the bottom of the instrument to determine particle size distribution. If conditions are steady, the CFDC can also measure flow rate, temperature, and humidity. CFDC measures the size distribution of aerosol particles between 0.4 and 20 mm. It measures particle counts every 0.2 seconds and particle spectra every 10 seconds.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Integrating Nephelometer (CIN) The Cloud Integrating Nephelometer (CIN) is an in situ airborne nephelometer developed by Gerber Scientific. It measures the asymmetry parameter, optical extinction coefficient, and extinction-to-backscatter ratio of clouds. It operates at the 635 nm wavelength and can measure cloud particles within the 4-2500 μm size range. CIN has a typical measurement rate of 1 Hz and a measurement accuracy of 2% and 10% for the asymmetry parameter and optical extinction coefficient, respectively.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Asymmetry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Multi-sample Aerosol Collection System (MACS) The Multi-sample Aerosol Collection System (MACS) is an in situ airborne aerosol sampling system. It consists of a two-stage impact collector, which allows for the collection of aerosol particles on electron microscope grids for further analysis. MACS can collect particles as small as 0.02 μm for altitudes up to 60,000 feet. MACS can collect around 24 samples per flight.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Learn MoreArrow right Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures thermal emissions from oxygen molecules in the atmosphere to prove temperature profiles above, below, and at flight level. It operates between 55 to 59 GHz and provides profiles every 17 seconds with 4 km horizontal spacing. MTP has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) The Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) is an airborne imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. CPI collects high-resolution (2.3 μm pixel size) images of cloud particles that pass through its sample volume. It uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that operates at 810 nm to record images and can take up to 74 frames per second with a refresh rate of 40 Hz. The imagery from CPI can be used to derive microphysical properties such as particle size and habit.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (NOAA-CIMS) The NOAA Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (NOAA-CIMS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by NOAA. It was designed to provide high-precision measurements of reactive nitrogen and halogen species such as nitric acid, nitric oxide, and bromine chloride in the upper atmosphere. It can also provide measurements of ozone and water vapor concentrations. NOAA-CIMS has a detection limit of 30 pptv and a temporal resolution of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Acid
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Nitrate
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Bromine Monoxide
Learn MoreArrow right NOAA Pressure and Temperature (NOAA PT) The NOAA Pressure and Temperature (NOAA PT) is an in situ airborne probe that measures atmospheric pressure and temperature. It comprises a digital pressure temperature transducer and slow and fast responding temperature probes. NOAA PT provides measurements of both static and ram pressure and upper air temperature every second. It has an accuracy of 0.5 degrees for temperature and 0.5 mbars for pressure.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Learn MoreArrow right Methane Near IR Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (NOAA-CH4) Video Ice Particle Sampler (VIPS) The Video Ice Particle Sampler (VIPS) is an in situ airborne electro-optical instrument. It continuously collects and images cloud particles as small as 3 μm. Cloud particle samples are collected on a looped belt where they are exposed to a high-resolution video camera. Particle imagery is recorded at 30 Hz and has an image resolution of 1.12 μm per pixel. VIPS also provides particle size distribution and concentration.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right Multiple-Angle Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (MASP) The Multiple-Angle Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (MASP) is an in situ airborne spectrometer. It measures the light intensity of scatter aerosol particles at 780 nm wavelength across multiple angles to determine particle size and concentration. It can detect particles within the 0.3 to 20 micron size range. MASP typically has a time resolution of 10 seconds.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS) The Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It combines the Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP), the Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), and the Hotwire Liquid Water Content (LWC) Sensor into one instrument. CAPS measures the size distribution of aerosol, cloud, and liquid droplets for particles between the sizes of 50-1600 μm at a time resolution of 1 Hz. It can also record images of cloud particles and provide measurements of temperature, pressure, and LWC.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Droplet Size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Particle Analysis By Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) The Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) is a laser ionization mass spectrometer owned and operated by NOAA. PALMS provides in situ measurements of aerosol particles and their chemical composition by using a pulse from a UV laser (193 nm) to generate ions. These ions are then analyzed with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to provide the mass spectrum of each particle which can be used to classify the individual aerosol particles. PALMS has an aerosol size range of 0.2 to 3 microns and has a typical data rate of around 1 to 10 Hz. It can be utilized for either airborne or laboratory measurements of aerosols.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Learn MoreArrow right Argus Tunable Diode Laser Instrument (Argus) Argus is a two-channel, tunable diode laser instrument that was developed at NASA Ames Research Center. Argus collects in situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) in the atmosphere by using second harmonic spectroscopy. Argus operates in the mid-infrared range (3.3 and 4.7 micrometers) and has an accuracy of about 3% for data rates of 0.1 to 0.5 Hz. Argus is ideal for small payload platforms such as balloons and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAV) due to its lightweight and compact design.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Learn MoreArrow right Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) is an airborne radiometer developed by the Ames Atmospheric Radiation Group. It provides remotely sensed measurements of solar spectral irradiance in the troposphere. SSFR operates across the 300-2150 nm wavelength range and has a spectral resolution of 8-12 nm. It has a typical data collection rate of 1 Hz and has a radiometric accuracy of 3%.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Learn MoreArrow right High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer (Harvard CO2) The High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer (Harvard CO2) is an in situ airborne spectrometer operated by Harvard University. It measures carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations using a modified nondispersive infrared CO2 analyzer. CO2 mixing ratios are determined by measuring absorption at 4.26 μm. Harvard CO2 has a measurement sampling rate of 0.5 Hz and a precision of 0.05 ppm. Harvard is typically deployed on high-altitude aircraft like the ER-2, but it has been used for balloon-borne measurements.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Learn MoreArrow right High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS) The High Volume Particle Sampler, also known as the High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS), measures particle size distributions and obtains particle images in the size range of about 0.1 cm to 6 cm. It is an open-path instrument located on the outside of the aircraft, typically below the wing. A laser sheet throws a shadowgraph image of the hydrometeor (cloud droplets or ice crystals) in the sample volume on a photodiode array. As the hydrometeor moves through the sample volume, this optical array records the moving shape and a two-dimensional picture can be recorded. At an air speed of 100 m/s, the sample volume is 310 l/s. The recorded images can be analyzed for size distributions, number concentrations, and further cloud properties detailed below. Hydrometeors in the range of 0.3−19.2 mm can be fully recorded at a 150 μm resolution; larger particles can only be sized along the direction of flight. In order to keep the pixel resolution along the flight path constant, the system clock frequency is adjusted according to the detected True Air Speed (TAS) by the data system itself. The maximum clock frequency for the HVPS is 240 kHz. The HVPS data recorded during this project has 400 m m resolution along the flight path.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Learn MoreArrow right Closed-path Laser Hygrometer (CLH) The Closed-path Laser Hygrometer (CLH) is a tunable diode laser hygrometer that was developed by the University of Colorado along with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The CLH measures water vapor via second-harmonic absorption spectroscopy. It provides measurements approximately every 1.5 seconds and operates at the 1.37 μm wavelength.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Learn MoreArrow right NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at the 254 nm wavelength allowing it to calculate the ozone number density due to the accurate ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters at typical research flight speeds.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Learn MoreArrow right Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) The Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) is a high-resolution spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to fly aboard the NASA ER-2. ALIAS takes real-time measurements of various nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen compounds, including NO2, CH4, and HCl. Its ability to be flown at high altitudes paired with its fast sample rate makes the ALIAS an ideal instrument to study atmospheric chemistry processes within polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs).
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Stable Isotopes
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Learn MoreArrow right Nucleation-Mode Aerosol Size Spectrometer (NMASS) The Nucleation-mode Aerosol Size Spectrometer (NMASS) is an airborne, in situ spectrometer used to measure particle size distribution and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). NMASS consists of 5 parallel condensation nucleus counters (CNCs) that are used to sample particles within the 3 to 60 nm diameter range. It can be equipped on multiple types of aircraft and is ideal for sampling cirrus clouds in the upper atmosphere. NMASS provides fast time response measurements at a temporal resolution of 10 Hz.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Focused Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer (FCAS) The Focused Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer (FCAS) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter designed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. FCAS measures the light scattered by the individual aerosol particles to determine the particle size distribution. It can detect aerosol particles in the size range of 0.06 to 2 μm and can operate at altitudes up to 20 km. Typically, FCAS provides measurements at a sampling rate of 10 seconds.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter originally designed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It provides particle size distribution by measuring the intensity of the light scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles within a diameter range of 0.5 to 47 μm. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 Hz.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right Harvard Water Vapor (HWV) Harvard Water Vapor (HWV) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at Harvard University that measures water vapor mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. HWV consists of two instruments with distinctly different methods for detecting water vapor: the Lyman-α photo-fragment fluorescence instrument (LyA) and a tunable diode laser direct absorption instrument (HHH -Harvard Herriott Hygrometer). By combining both instruments, HWV can identify and limit systematic errors while in flight. It provides measurements of water vapor mixing ratio from 1 to 1000 ppmv at a frequency of 1 Hz and with an accuracy of 5%.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Learn MoreArrow right JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH) The JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It uses a tunable diode laser that operates at 1.37 μm to measure atmospheric water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. JLH has a minimum spatial resolution of 25 m and a detection range of 1 to 500 ppmv. It has a typical sampling rate of 1 Hz and can provide measurements at a precision of 0.05 ppmv.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Learn MoreArrow right Chemiluminescence Instrument (NOx/NOxy) NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument. It provides measurements of nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere at a spatial resolution better than 100m for typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be utilized on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms allowing it to be used in various types of atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
Learn MoreArrow right Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used for measuring atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution and accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction/speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters can be derived such as potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Integrating Nephelometer (CIN) The Cloud Integrating Nephelometer (CIN) is an in situ airborne nephelometer developed by Gerber Scientific. It measures the asymmetry parameter, optical extinction coefficient, and extinction-to-backscatter ratio of clouds. It operates at the 635 nm wavelength and can measure cloud particles within the 4-2500 μm size range. CIN has a typical measurement rate of 1 Hz and a measurement accuracy of 2% and 10% for the asymmetry parameter and optical extinction coefficient, respectively.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Asymmetry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Radar System (CRS) The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band polarimetric Doppler radar. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface up to the lower stratosphere. It has an operating frequency of 94 GHz and has a 150m range resolution. CRS has a typical vertical resolution of 100m and a gate spacing of 37.5m.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
Learn MoreArrow right Dropsonde (Dropsonde) A dropsondes or dropwindsondes are in situ instruments designed to be released from aircraft. They are equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and sensors to collect profile measurements of pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and direction. Dropsondes are important during field investigations because they allow researchers to collect vertical profiles in remote locations and during severe weather events. Dropsondes typically have a vertical resolution of 5 m and provide measurements of wind speed/direction every 0.25 seconds and temperature, pressure, and humidity every 0.5 seconds.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Learn MoreArrow right Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used for measuring atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution and accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction/speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters can be derived such as potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
Learn MoreArrow right JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH) The JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It uses a tunable diode laser that operates at 1.37 μm to measure atmospheric water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. JLH has a minimum spatial resolution of 25 m and a detection range of 1 to 500 ppmv. It has a typical sampling rate of 1 Hz and can provide measurements at a precision of 0.05 ppmv.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Learn MoreArrow right MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates across 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range to provide high-resolution imagery of clouds and surface features. MAS has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 m and a swath width of about 36 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It has a scan rate of 6.25 Hz with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Learn MoreArrow right Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures thermal emissions from oxygen molecules in the atmosphere to prove temperature profiles above, below, and at flight level. It operates between 55 to 59 GHz and provides profiles every 17 seconds with 4 km horizontal spacing. MTP has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter across three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to derive cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Learn MoreArrow right Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) is an airborne radiometer developed by the Ames Atmospheric Radiation Group. It provides remotely sensed measurements of solar spectral irradiance in the troposphere. SSFR operates across the 300-2150 nm wavelength range and has a spectral resolution of 8-12 nm. It has a typical data collection rate of 1 Hz and has a radiometric accuracy of 3%.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Learn MoreArrow right ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) The ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) is an airborne X-band radar designed to operate on the nose of the ER-2 aircraft. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width to characterize precipitation systems. EDOP operates at a 9.6 GHz frequency and provides data at a rate of 2 Hz. It has a typical gate spacing of 75 m and a beamwidth of 2.9 degrees. EDOP has been replaced by the EXRAD radar.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Learn MoreArrow right Conical Scanning Submillimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSSIR) The Conical Scanning Submillimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSSIR) is a passive remote imaging radiometer. It has been flown on multiple aircraft since its development, including NASA’s ER-2 aircraft. CoSSIR was designed to take measurements of ice clouds and brightness temperatures. Its measurements can also be used to estimate water vapor profiles and snowfall rates. CoSSIR has a surface footprint of 1.4 km at nadir. It completes a scan cycle every 4.6 seconds. CoSSIR has 12 channels and operates in the 183-874 GHz range.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
Learn MoreArrow right Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) The Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) is an airborne passive radiometer that measures broadband solar irradiance. RAMS consists of two radiometers: the Total Solar Broadband Radiometer (TSBR) and the Fractional Solar Broadband Radiometer (FSBR). The TSBR operates in the 0.224 to 3.91 μm range while the FSBR operates between 0.68 to 3.3 μm. It has a response time of about 60 msec and can provide measurements about every 5 m for aircraft speeds around 75 m/s. RAMS is typically used for airborne operations, but it can be used to collect ground-based measurements as well.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Learn MoreArrow right Multi-sample Aerosol Collection System (MACS) The Multi-sample Aerosol Collection System (MACS) is an in situ airborne aerosol sampling system. It consists of a two-stage impact collector, which allows for the collection of aerosol particles on electron microscope grids for further analysis. MACS can collect particles as small as 0.02 μm for altitudes up to 60,000 feet. MACS can collect around 24 samples per flight.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Learn MoreArrow right Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) are in situ sensors that measure aerosol particle concentration. CPCs measure aerosol concentration by condensing fluid onto the particles, allowing them to grow to more detectable sizes for optical scattering. Typically, CPCs can detect particles with a size range of 7 nm-3 μm, can measure particle concentrations up to 100,000 particles/cc, and can provide measurements at 1-second intervals. CPCs are manufactured by TSI Incorporated and can be deployed on airborne, shipborne, and ground-based platforms.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Learn MoreArrow right Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (LEISA) The Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (LEISA) is an airborne infrared (IR) hyperspectral imager. It is the airborne of the LEISA satellite instrument and is used for calibration and validation. It operates across the 1 to 2.5 microns spectral range to collect IR imagery. It has a spatial resolution of 2 meters at a 1 km altitude and of 20 meters at a 10 km altitude. LEISA has a swath width of approximately 29 degrees.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Learn MoreArrow right Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) The Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) is a spectrometer that measures the chemical composition and properties of sub-micron aerosol particles. AMS has a maximum data collection of 100 Hz and can detect particles with a size range of 40 nm to 1 micron. It operates by switching between mass spectrum (MS) mode and particle time-of-flight (PToF) mode to determine the chemical makeup of aerosol samples. The AMS can be deployed on aircraft, ships, mobile laboratories, or placed directly at a field site.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Passive-Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (PCASP) The Passive-Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (PCASP) is an in situ airborne optical spectrometer manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It measures the light scattered by particles to determine the aerosol size distribution and concentration in the 0.1 to 3.0 μm size range. PCASP operates at the 632 nm wavelength and has a typical sampling rate of 10 Hz.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS) The Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It combines the Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP), the Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), and the Hotwire Liquid Water Content (LWC) Sensor into one instrument. CAPS measures the size distribution of aerosol, cloud, and liquid droplets for particles between the sizes of 50-1600 μm at a time resolution of 1 Hz. It can also record images of cloud particles and provide measurements of temperature, pressure, and LWC.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Droplet Size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Microorifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) The Microorifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) is an in situ airborne or ground-based sampler developed by the MSP Corporation. It is an eight-stage impactor used for high-accuracy aerosol sampling for gravimetric or chemical analysis. MOUDI has a sample flow rate of 30 liters per minute and can sample particles in the size range of 0.056-18 µm. It is used for applications such as air pollution research, engine emission testing, and aerosol analysis.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Broadband Radiometer (BBR) Broadband Radiometers (BBR) are modified versions of the Kipp & Zonen CM-22 pyranometers and CG-4 pyrgeometers. They have been modified to be more suitable for airborne platforms through different instrument housing and signal amplification. BBR measures solar irradiance in the 0.2-3.6 μm wavelength range and infrared (IR) irradiance in the 4.5-42 μm range. These measurements can be used to derive net irradiance, radiative forcing, absorption, and albedo. It has a typical sampling rate of 1 Hz and a hemispheric field-of-view.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Absorption
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Forcing
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Albedo
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Learn MoreArrow right Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) is an airborne radiometer developed by the Ames Atmospheric Radiation Group. It provides remotely sensed measurements of solar spectral irradiance in the troposphere. SSFR operates across the 300-2150 nm wavelength range and has a spectral resolution of 8-12 nm. It has a typical data collection rate of 1 Hz and has a radiometric accuracy of 3%.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Learn MoreArrow right Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) The Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) is an in situ spectrometer manufactured by TSI Instruments. APS measures aerodynamic particles in the 0.5-20 μm size range. It also measures the light-scattering intensity of the particles in the 0.37-20 μm optical size range. APS provides particle size distributions for 52 channels at a typical sampling time of 1 second. It uses a laser diode operating at 655 nm and has a size resolution of 0.02 μm at 1 μm. APS can be deployed on aircraft, ships, or ground-based platforms.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > >
Learn MoreArrow right Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter originally designed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It provides particle size distribution by measuring the intensity of the light scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles within a diameter range of 0.5 to 47 μm. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 Hz.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (TDMA) The Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (TDMA) is an in situ airborne and ground-based analyzer that measures the physical properties of aerosol particles such as size distribution and concentration. It can measure particles in the size range of 0.013 to 0.75 mm at a size resolution of 0.013 mm at 0.2 mm. The TDMA is sometimes combined with an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) to allow measurements of particles in the submicron range. A typical measurement sequence of TDMA can take approximately 45 minutes to complete.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Forward Scatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Learn MoreArrow right TSI Incorporated Particle Probe (TSI Particle Probe) TSI Particle Probes are in situ particle counters and detectors manufactured by TSI Incorporated. They are used to detect aerosol particles and determine concentration and particle counts. TSI Particle Probes are typically combined with particle sizers, which can measure size distribution. TSI Particle Probes can be deployed on aircraft, research vessels, and ground-based platforms.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Learn MoreArrow right Millimeter-Wavelength Cloud Radar (MMCR) The Millimeter-Wavelength Cloud Radar (MMCR) is a ground-based radar developed by the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) for the Department of Energy (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites. MMCR provides long-term observations of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, spectrum width, and other radar parameters for precipitating and nonprecipitating clouds up to 20 km above ground level (AGL). It is a vertically pointing, single-polarization radar system that operates at around 35 GHz. MMCR has a beamwidth of 0.2 degrees and typical vertical resolutions of 45 and 90 meters.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Learn MoreArrow right Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (SACR) The Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (SACR) is a ground-based Doppler radar system operated by the Department of Energy (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. It is a polarimetric Doppler radar consisting of three radar designs at different operating frequencies: X-SACR (9.71 GHz), Ka-SACR (35.3 GHz), and W-SACR (94 GHz). For each deployment location, two SACR radars are deployed with operating frequencies determined by atmospheric attenuation at the site. SACR provides measurements of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, spectrum width, and other polarimetric parameters at a gate spacing of 25 meters.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Learn MoreArrow right Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Learn MoreArrow right Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Atmospheric Remote Sensing Laboratory (PARSL) Microwave Radiometer (MWR) The microwave radiometers (MWRs) are ground-based radiometers manufactured by Radiometrics Corporation and operated by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Research Facility. MWR measures brightness temperature at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz to derive column-integrated amounts of water vapor and liquid water in the atmosphere. MWR has a field of view (FOV) from about 5.9 to 4.5 degrees depending on the channel and has a typical time resolution of 20 s for sky-view observations.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Learn MoreArrow right Polarization Diversity LIDAR (PDL) Precision Radiation Thermometer (PRT-5) The Precision Radiation Thermometer (PRT-5) is an in situ infrared temperature sensor. It makes non-contact infrared (8-14 μm) temperature measurements between -50 to 150 degrees Celsius with an accuracy of 0.5 degrees Celsius. It has a typical field of view of 2 degrees and a response time of either 0.3 Hz, 3 Hz, or 30 Hz. PRT-5 can be deployed on aircraft, vehicles, research vessels, and other ground-based platforms. It can be used for sea surface, ocean water, cloud, and air temperature measurements.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Learn MoreArrow right NOAA Portable Cloud Observatory (NPCO) Broadband Radiometer (BBR) Broadband Radiometers (BBR) are modified versions of the Kipp & Zonen CM-22 pyranometers and CG-4 pyrgeometers. They have been modified to be more suitable for airborne platforms through different instrument housing and signal amplification. BBR measures solar irradiance in the 0.2-3.6 μm wavelength range and infrared (IR) irradiance in the 4.5-42 μm range. These measurements can be used to derive net irradiance, radiative forcing, absorption, and albedo. It has a typical sampling rate of 1 Hz and a hemispheric field-of-view.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Absorption
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Forcing
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Albedo
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Learn MoreArrow right Infrared Thermometer (IRT) This data will be added in future versions
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Learn MoreArrow right Total Sky Imager (TSI) The Total Sky Imager (TSI) is a ground-based, optical instrument that is manufactured by Yankee Environmental Systems (YES), Inc. TSI can provide full-color, hemispheric images of the sky during the day by using a charge-coupled device (CCD) imager. It also can provide measurements of fractional sky cover and sun obscuration by cloud. TSI can be mounted on mobile platforms such as trailers and research vehicles, allowing it to collect cloud cover measurements in various locations during a field investigation.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Fraction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Ceilometer (Ceilometer) Ceilometers are ground-based, remote-sensing sensors that provide measurements of cloud ceilings and vertical visibility. They use either a laser beam or another light source to detect backscatter of clouds, precipitation, and aerosols. Ceilometers can provide detailed and accurate measurements in all types of weather conditions and have low operating costs. Ceilometers are typically used in boundary layer and cloud research applications.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Visibility
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Ceiling
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Learn MoreArrow right NASA S-band Dual Polarimetric Radar (NPOL) The NASA S-band Dual Polarimetric Radar (NPOL) is a transportable, ground-based scanning dual polarimetric Doppler radar. As an active remote sensor, NPOL detects returned electromagnetic radiation to identify radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, rainfall rate, particle size distribution, water contents, and precipitation type. Under typical operating conditions, NPOL has a beamwidth of 0.95° and a 150 km maximum range. NPOL is operationally equivalent to Doppler radars employed by the U.S. National Weather Service’s Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) network, but NPOL has the added advantage of being fully deployable.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Profiles > Rain Type
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Rate
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Hydrometeors
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Learn MoreArrow right Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) The Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) is a ground-based passive radiometer used to measure the global and diffuse components of solar irradiance. It measures solar irradiance across six narrowband channels and one broadband channel. The nominal wavelengths of the narrowband channels are 415, 500, 615, 673, 870, and 940 nm. MFRSR has a typical sampling interval of 20 seconds and takes measurements at four different shadowband positions: nadir, first side-band, sun-blocked, and second side-band. MFRSR is deployed across several of the Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility sites.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance > Shortwave Downward Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Learn MoreArrow right Surface-sensing Measurements for Radiative Transfer (SMART) The Surface-sensing Measurements for Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SMART) is a ground-based remote instrument suite operated by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It consists of several remote sensing instruments, such as a micro-pulse lidar, sun photometer, and broadband radiometers housed in a twenty-foot trailer. SMART provides measurements of solar spectral radiance, surface spectral bi-directional reflectance, albedo, and shortwave and longwave irradiance at a spectral resolution of 1 nm. It operates across the ultraviolet to microwave spectral range. SMART is part of the SMARTLabs mobile facilities.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance > Shortwave Downward Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Albedo
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Reflectance
Learn MoreArrow right Radiosonde (Radiosonde) Radiosondes are a balloon-borne instrument package used to collect profile measurements of pressure, temperature, humidity, and winds. These sensors are connected to a radio transmitter that sends the measurements to a ground receiver typically operating in the 400-406 MHz range. They typically provide measurements at 1-6 seconds, depending on the type and manufacturer of the radiosonde. Radiosondes are used for weather forecasting, ground truth satellite data, atmospheric research, and input for weather prediction models.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Learn MoreArrow right ELectra DOppler RAdar (ELDORA) The ELectra DOppler RAdar (ELDORA) is an airborne radar system developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and France's Centre de Recherches en Physique de L'Environnement Terrestre et Planetaire (CRPE). It was designed to operate on the NCAR Electra aircraft, but it also operates on the Naval Research Lab (NRL) P-3 aircraft. It is an X-band (9.3-9.8 GHz) radar that measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and other radar parameters to characterize convective systems and clouds. ELDORA has a beamwidth of 1.8 degrees and a range resolution of 37.5 to 1200 meters, depending on radar configuration.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Learn MoreArrow right Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Learn MoreArrow right NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed Microwave Radiometer (NAST-M) The NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Microwave (NAST-M) is an airborne microwave radiometer maintained by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It measures brightness temperature which can be used to retrieve water vapor profiles in the atmosphere. It consists of two radiometers with one operating across 8 channels between 50-57 GHz and the other operating across 9 channels at 118 GHz. In 2003, NAST-M was upgraded with two additional radiometers operating at 183 and 425 GHz to improve water vapor retrievals and the detection of small hydrometeors. NAST-M has a spatial resolution of 2.6 km and a cross-track swath width of 100 km at a flight altitude of 20 km. It has a typical integration time of 100 ms.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Learn MoreArrow right Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) The Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) is an airborne, passive polarimeter developed by SpecTIR Corporation. It measures total radiance and linear polarization across 9 spectral bands in the visible and infrared wavelengths (410-2250 nm). These measurements can be used to derive aerosol and cloud properties. RSP has a time resolution of 0.8 seconds, a field of view of 14 mrad, and a horizontal resolution of about 100 m at an altitude of 5 km.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Forward Scatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Droplet Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Asymmetry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Top Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Learn MoreArrow right NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Interferometer (NAST-I) The NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Interferometer (NAST-I) is an airborne infrared interferometer maintained and operated by NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy to provide measurements of brightness temperature and radiance. NAST-I operates within the spectral range of 3.7-16.1 µm and has a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm-1. It has a spatial resolution of 2.6 km and a cross-track swath width of 46 km at a flight altitude of 20 km. A complete scan period for NAST-I takes around 12.2 seconds.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Atmospheric Temperature Indices
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Learn MoreArrow right Far Infrared Sensor for Cirrus (FIRSC) The Far Infrared Sensor for Cirrus (FIRSC) is a remote passive airborne infrared spectrometer. It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS) to measure the infrared radiance of cirrus clouds. FIRSC operates across two channels with a wavenumber range of 10-35 per centimeter and 80-135 per centimeter. FIRSC has a field of view of 0.03 radians, a footprint of less than one kilometer, and a scan time of 4 seconds.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Learn MoreArrow right POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances (POLDER) The POLarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectances (POLDER) is a spaceborne passive radiometer that was onboard the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Advanced Earth Observing Satellite. POLDER has also been utilized in several airborne investigations to perform instrument calibration and to provide measurements of surface reflectance and solar radiation. POLDER has a ground spatial resolution of 7 km x 6 km at nadir and operates across eight discrete spectral bands (443 nm - 910 nm).
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Ocean Color
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Reflectance
Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation > Vegetation Index
Earth Science > Cryosphere > Snow/ice > Reflectance > Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function
Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation
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Filter data products from this campaign by specific platforms, instruments, or formats.
Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) Quick-Look Data
Instruments Microwave Temperature Profiler ,
Cloud Particle Imager ,
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer ,
Counterflow Virtual Impactor ,
Research Scanning Polarimeter ,
Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer ,
Particle Analysis By Laser Mass Spectrometry ,
Broadband Radiometer ,
Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer ,
Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer ,
MODIS Airborne Simulator ,
Nucleation-Mode Aerosol Size Spectrometer ,
NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed Microwave Radiometer ,
JPL Laser Hygrometer ,
Ceilometer ,
Cloud Physics Lidar ,
Cloud Radar System ,
Meteorological Measurement System ,
NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Interferometer ,
University of Alaska Fairbanks Lidar Scanner
Funding Program Radiation Sciences Program
Funding Program Lead Donald E. Anderson
Principal Investigator(s) Eric J. Jensen
Data Manager / Technical Contact Steve Gaines
Partner Organizations DoE, NOAA, NSF, ONR
Overview Publication Currently unavailable