First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment

If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for gamma radiation equipment or sensors.

This data will be added in future versions.

This data will be added in future versions.

This data will be added in future versions.

The Lyman-alpha Hygrometer measures the absorption by water vapor of vacuum-ultraviolet light at the Lyman-alpha wavelength of atomic hydrogen (121.6 nm). Air from outside the aircraft is brought to the absorption cell by a forward facing open-ended cone inlet (SCAI inlet) and exhausted through a scarf tube. The instrument ionizes the water molecules themselves as they pass through. Using a high intensity direct current discharge lamp, light at 121.6nm (called Lyman-alpha light) photodissociates water molecules producing excited OH radicals. Fluorescence is produced as the OH radical emits photons at 309nm. Making use of a phototube sensitive to this wavelength and a counter, the amount of OH can be calculated. The ambient air in the sample diminishes this signal by an amount proportional to the mixing ratio, so knowing the ambient pressure and temperature yields the mixing ratio from which the total water is determined. The instrument is periodically calibrated in flight by injecting a known amount of water vapor directly into the sample.

This data will be added in future versions

If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for temperature, pressues, wind speed, wind direction, humidity

This data will be added in future versions

This data will be added in future versions.

This data will be added in future versions

This data will be added in future versions

This data will be added in future versions

This data will be added in future versions.

This data will be added in future versions

If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for temperature, pressues, wind speed, wind direction, humidity

This data will be added in future versions

This data will be added in future versions.

This data will be added in future versions.

This data will be added in future versions.

This data will be added in future versions

If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for temperature, pressues, wind speed, wind direction, humidity

This data will be added in future versions

The Lyman-alpha Hygrometer measures the absorption by water vapor of vacuum-ultraviolet light at the Lyman-alpha wavelength of atomic hydrogen (121.6 nm). Air from outside the aircraft is brought to the absorption cell by a forward facing open-ended cone inlet (SCAI inlet) and exhausted through a scarf tube. The instrument ionizes the water molecules themselves as they pass through. Using a high intensity direct current discharge lamp, light at 121.6nm (called Lyman-alpha light) photodissociates water molecules producing excited OH radicals. Fluorescence is produced as the OH radical emits photons at 309nm. Making use of a phototube sensitive to this wavelength and a counter, the amount of OH can be calculated. The ambient air in the sample diminishes this signal by an amount proportional to the mixing ratio, so knowing the ambient pressure and temperature yields the mixing ratio from which the total water is determined. The instrument is periodically calibrated in flight by injecting a known amount of water vapor directly into the sample.

This data will be added in future versions

This data will be added in future versions

This data will be added in future versions

This description will added in a future version.

This data will be added in future versions

The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter originally designed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It provides particle size distribution by measuring the intensity of the light scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles within a diameter range of 0.5 to 47 μm. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 Hz.

The King Probe is an airborne cloud probe developed by Warren King (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) and manufactured by Particle Measuring Systems (PMS) and Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT). The King Probe provides measurements of cloud liquid water content (LWC) by measuring the heat released when water droplets are vaporized. The King Probe operates at a constant temperature (~100 C) and has a data output rate of 1 to 10 Hz. It is typically used in cloud microphysics and aircraft icing studies.

NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument. It provides measurements of nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere at a spatial resolution better than 100m for typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be utilized on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms allowing it to be used in various types of atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.

The Spectron Engineering SE-590 is a portable battery or A/C operated spectroradiometer consisting of a CE500 data analyzer/logger controller, CE390 spectral detector head and an external battery charger/power supply. The CE500 is a self contained microprocessor based controller which processes the signal from the detector head, amplifying and digitizing it with 12 bit resolution. For each spectral scan, the controller actuates the CE390 shutter, measures and stores the dark current, calculates optimum integration time, acquires the spectrum and automatically subtracts the noise for all 256 spectral elements. A series of scans can be taken and automatically averaged. The spectrum is stored in a double precision register which saves the entire 12-bit binary spectra until it is transmitted through the RS-232C port. The spectral detector head uses a diffraction grating as the dispersing element; the spectrum is imaged onto a 256 element photodiode array. Each element integrates simultaneously acquiring the spectrum in a fraction of a second. The interconnect cable from the spectral head to the controller couples the spectral signals to the controller, and the timing and control signals to the detector head. A shutter in the detector head, operated by the controller, closes the light path for dark current measurements.

The Modular Multiband Radiometer (MMR) is an airborne multispectral radiometer manufactured by Barnes Engineering Company. MMR measures radiance across 8 spectral bands in the infrared and visible wavelengths (0.4-12.5 μm) to provide imagery of vegetation and other surface features. At an altitude of 300 m, the MMR has an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of approximately 79 m and a 15-degree field of view (FOV). It is typically deployed on small aircraft such as helicopters but can be deployed on ground-based platforms as well.

The C-band scatterometer is a FM-CW scatterometer that operates at 5.3 GHz. The C-band scatterometer is typically used in land, sea, and ice studies. For land applications, it is used to measure surface moisture content.

Stream gauges are ground-based sensors that provide in situ measurements of the stage or height of rivers and streams. The stream flow or discharge of the river can be derived from the stage measurements. Stream gauges can provide continuous measurements and are useful for monitoring flooding potential and water supply. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) maintains and operates a network of over 10,000 stream gauges across the United States to aid with flood forecasting and water management.

This data will be added in future versions

This description will be added in future versions.

This data will be added in future versions.

This data will be added in future versions

If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for temperature, pressues, wind speed, wind direction, humidity

If instrument model or detailed specification information is not available, can use this instrument entry for radiometers of various types (typically microwave-band) that are flown on aircraft.

This data will be added in future versions

This data will be added in future versions.

The Lyman-alpha Hygrometer measures the absorption by water vapor of vacuum-ultraviolet light at the Lyman-alpha wavelength of atomic hydrogen (121.6 nm). Air from outside the aircraft is brought to the absorption cell by a forward facing open-ended cone inlet (SCAI inlet) and exhausted through a scarf tube. The instrument ionizes the water molecules themselves as they pass through. Using a high intensity direct current discharge lamp, light at 121.6nm (called Lyman-alpha light) photodissociates water molecules producing excited OH radicals. Fluorescence is produced as the OH radical emits photons at 309nm. Making use of a phototube sensitive to this wavelength and a counter, the amount of OH can be calculated. The ambient air in the sample diminishes this signal by an amount proportional to the mixing ratio, so knowing the ambient pressure and temperature yields the mixing ratio from which the total water is determined. The instrument is periodically calibrated in flight by injecting a known amount of water vapor directly into the sample.

This data will be added in future versions

This data will be added in future versions

The Spectron Engineering SE-590 is a portable battery or A/C operated spectroradiometer consisting of a CE500 data analyzer/logger controller, CE390 spectral detector head and an external battery charger/power supply. The CE500 is a self contained microprocessor based controller which processes the signal from the detector head, amplifying and digitizing it with 12 bit resolution. For each spectral scan, the controller actuates the CE390 shutter, measures and stores the dark current, calculates optimum integration time, acquires the spectrum and automatically subtracts the noise for all 256 spectral elements. A series of scans can be taken and automatically averaged. The spectrum is stored in a double precision register which saves the entire 12-bit binary spectra until it is transmitted through the RS-232C port. The spectral detector head uses a diffraction grating as the dispersing element; the spectrum is imaged onto a 256 element photodiode array. Each element integrates simultaneously acquiring the spectrum in a fraction of a second. The interconnect cable from the spectral head to the controller couples the spectral signals to the controller, and the timing and control signals to the detector head. A shutter in the detector head, operated by the controller, closes the light path for dark current measurements.

The Tail Doppler Radar (TDR) is a vertically scanning, pulse Doppler radar installed on the tail of research aircraft. The original instrument, designed by NOAA and NCAR, was tested on NOAA aircraft and has since expanded to multiple platforms. This X-band radar with a magnetron transmitter has a scan rate of either five or ten rotations per minute and a corresponding range gate of 150 or 300 meters.

Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that provide in situ measurements of liquid precipitation amounts over a set time. There are multiple types of rain gauges that each collect and record data differently such as the tipping bucket rain gauge and weighing precipitation gauge. Rain gauges can be deployed in various locations due to their relatively small size and easy set-up and are typically colocated with other precipitation instruments such as disdrometers to provide more details about precipitation being collected such as precipitation rate and size distribution.

The Licor Quantum Sensor is a ground-based, in situ radiation sensor manufactured by LI-COR Biosciences. It provides accurate measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under vegetation or in artificial light sources. The sensor measures radiation within the same light spectrum (400 - 700 nm) as the one used by plants for photosynthesis. The Licor Quantum Sensor is typically used for ground-based measurements, but it can be equipped on aircraft as well. It can be utilized for long-term deployments and is durable in high temperature and humidity conditions.

The Modular Multiband Radiometer (MMR) is an airborne multispectral radiometer manufactured by Barnes Engineering Company. MMR measures radiance across 8 spectral bands in the infrared and visible wavelengths (0.4-12.5 μm) to provide imagery of vegetation and other surface features. At an altitude of 300 m, the MMR has an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of approximately 79 m and a 15-degree field of view (FOV). It is typically deployed on small aircraft such as helicopters but can be deployed on ground-based platforms as well.

If instrument mode or detailed specification information is not available, can use this entry for spectrometers of various types. A spectrometer is an instrument that measures a range of a characteristic for a given substance or wavelength. There are many different types of spectrometers. Some examples are mass spectrometers, spectrophotometers, and magnetic radiation spectrometers.

The Spectron Engineering SE-590 is a portable battery or A/C operated spectroradiometer consisting of a CE500 data analyzer/logger controller, CE390 spectral detector head and an external battery charger/power supply. The CE500 is a self contained microprocessor based controller which processes the signal from the detector head, amplifying and digitizing it with 12 bit resolution. For each spectral scan, the controller actuates the CE390 shutter, measures and stores the dark current, calculates optimum integration time, acquires the spectrum and automatically subtracts the noise for all 256 spectral elements. A series of scans can be taken and automatically averaged. The spectrum is stored in a double precision register which saves the entire 12-bit binary spectra until it is transmitted through the RS-232C port. The spectral detector head uses a diffraction grating as the dispersing element; the spectrum is imaged onto a 256 element photodiode array. Each element integrates simultaneously acquiring the spectrum in a fraction of a second. The interconnect cable from the spectral head to the controller couples the spectral signals to the controller, and the timing and control signals to the detector head. A shutter in the detector head, operated by the controller, closes the light path for dark current measurements.

The Modular Multiband Radiometer (MMR) is an airborne multispectral radiometer manufactured by Barnes Engineering Company. MMR measures radiance across 8 spectral bands in the infrared and visible wavelengths (0.4-12.5 μm) to provide imagery of vegetation and other surface features. At an altitude of 300 m, the MMR has an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of approximately 79 m and a 15-degree field of view (FOV). It is typically deployed on small aircraft such as helicopters but can be deployed on ground-based platforms as well.

The C-band scatterometer is a FM-CW scatterometer that operates at 5.3 GHz. The C-band scatterometer is typically used in land, sea, and ice studies. For land applications, it is used to measure surface moisture content.

Stream gauges are ground-based sensors that provide in situ measurements of the stage or height of rivers and streams. The stream flow or discharge of the river can be derived from the stage measurements. Stream gauges can provide continuous measurements and are useful for monitoring flooding potential and water supply. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) maintains and operates a network of over 10,000 stream gauges across the United States to aid with flood forecasting and water management.

This data will be added in future versions

This description will be added in future versions.

This data will be added in future versions

If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for temperature, pressues, wind speed, wind direction, humidity

If instrument model or detailed specification information is not available, can use this instrument entry for radiometers of various types (typically microwave-band) that are flown on aircraft.

This data will be added in future versions

This data will be added in future versions.

The Lyman-alpha Hygrometer measures the absorption by water vapor of vacuum-ultraviolet light at the Lyman-alpha wavelength of atomic hydrogen (121.6 nm). Air from outside the aircraft is brought to the absorption cell by a forward facing open-ended cone inlet (SCAI inlet) and exhausted through a scarf tube. The instrument ionizes the water molecules themselves as they pass through. Using a high intensity direct current discharge lamp, light at 121.6nm (called Lyman-alpha light) photodissociates water molecules producing excited OH radicals. Fluorescence is produced as the OH radical emits photons at 309nm. Making use of a phototube sensitive to this wavelength and a counter, the amount of OH can be calculated. The ambient air in the sample diminishes this signal by an amount proportional to the mixing ratio, so knowing the ambient pressure and temperature yields the mixing ratio from which the total water is determined. The instrument is periodically calibrated in flight by injecting a known amount of water vapor directly into the sample.

This data will be added in future versions

This data will be added in future versions

The Spectron Engineering SE-590 is a portable battery or A/C operated spectroradiometer consisting of a CE500 data analyzer/logger controller, CE390 spectral detector head and an external battery charger/power supply. The CE500 is a self contained microprocessor based controller which processes the signal from the detector head, amplifying and digitizing it with 12 bit resolution. For each spectral scan, the controller actuates the CE390 shutter, measures and stores the dark current, calculates optimum integration time, acquires the spectrum and automatically subtracts the noise for all 256 spectral elements. A series of scans can be taken and automatically averaged. The spectrum is stored in a double precision register which saves the entire 12-bit binary spectra until it is transmitted through the RS-232C port. The spectral detector head uses a diffraction grating as the dispersing element; the spectrum is imaged onto a 256 element photodiode array. Each element integrates simultaneously acquiring the spectrum in a fraction of a second. The interconnect cable from the spectral head to the controller couples the spectral signals to the controller, and the timing and control signals to the detector head. A shutter in the detector head, operated by the controller, closes the light path for dark current measurements.

The Tail Doppler Radar (TDR) is a vertically scanning, pulse Doppler radar installed on the tail of research aircraft. The original instrument, designed by NOAA and NCAR, was tested on NOAA aircraft and has since expanded to multiple platforms. This X-band radar with a magnetron transmitter has a scan rate of either five or ten rotations per minute and a corresponding range gate of 150 or 300 meters.

Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that provide in situ measurements of liquid precipitation amounts over a set time. There are multiple types of rain gauges that each collect and record data differently such as the tipping bucket rain gauge and weighing precipitation gauge. Rain gauges can be deployed in various locations due to their relatively small size and easy set-up and are typically colocated with other precipitation instruments such as disdrometers to provide more details about precipitation being collected such as precipitation rate and size distribution.

The Licor Quantum Sensor is a ground-based, in situ radiation sensor manufactured by LI-COR Biosciences. It provides accurate measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under vegetation or in artificial light sources. The sensor measures radiation within the same light spectrum (400 - 700 nm) as the one used by plants for photosynthesis. The Licor Quantum Sensor is typically used for ground-based measurements, but it can be equipped on aircraft as well. It can be utilized for long-term deployments and is durable in high temperature and humidity conditions.

The Modular Multiband Radiometer (MMR) is an airborne multispectral radiometer manufactured by Barnes Engineering Company. MMR measures radiance across 8 spectral bands in the infrared and visible wavelengths (0.4-12.5 μm) to provide imagery of vegetation and other surface features. At an altitude of 300 m, the MMR has an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of approximately 79 m and a 15-degree field of view (FOV). It is typically deployed on small aircraft such as helicopters but can be deployed on ground-based platforms as well.