Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) was a six-year NASA campaign aimed at understanding the ice-ocean interaction by documenting how the ocean circulates in the fjords near Greenland and the effect it has on Greenland’s marine-terminating glaciers. OMG consisted of 12 deployments across Greenland from 2015 to 2021. OMG utilized a host of aircraft and ships that were equipped with sensors to conduct bathymetry mapping, as well as measure oceanic parameters such as salinity and temperature. OMG was funded by NASA’s EVS-2 program.
Singlebeam Echo Sounder System consists of multiple instruments which measure bathymetry in additional areas. SBES consisted of a high frequency Odom CV200 at 200 to 24 kHz operating to 5000 feet deep or Simrad’s NSS7 evo2’s paired with Navico’s BSM-1 and Airmar Lowrance sonar hub module, the 1 kW SS260, operating at 200 to 50 kHz to 2500 feet. It provides only a single measurement of water depth, directly beneath the ship.
Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/seafloor Topography > Water Depth
The Multibeam Echo Sounder System or MBES uses a sonar that produces an angular swath of beams to the port and starboard side in a single ping to effectively map a corridor with a width approximately 3-4 times the water depth. MBES consists of three instruments namely Teledyne Reson SeaBat 7160, Teledyne Reson SeaBat 7111, and Kongsberg EM 710. The OMG bathymetry survey was primarily conducted using multi-swath Multibeam Echo Sounder System (MBES) equipment and procedures.
Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/seafloor Topography > Water Depth
The Multibeam Echo Sounder System or MBES uses a sonar that produces an angular swath of beams to the port and starboard side in a single ping to effectively map a corridor with a width approximately 3-4 times the water depth. MBES consists of three instruments namely Teledyne Reson SeaBat 7160, Teledyne Reson SeaBat 7111, and Kongsberg EM 710. The OMG bathymetry survey was primarily conducted using multi-swath Multibeam Echo Sounder System (MBES) equipment and procedures.
Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/seafloor Topography > Water Depth
Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) sensors are in situ instrument packages that are used to measure water depth, pressure, salinity, temperature, and density in the ocean. CTD sensors can be deployed on various water-based platforms such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), buoys, gliders, or research vessels. When deployed on a vessel, CTD sensors are typically attached to a rosette and then lowered to the seafloor to measure water properties. CTD sensors have a typical sampling rate of 30 Hz and can collect precise measurements for a specific water depth depending on the researcher's needs.
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Pressure > Water Pressure
Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/seafloor Topography > Water Depth
Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) sensors are in situ instrument packages that are used to measure water depth, pressure, salinity, temperature, and density in the ocean. CTD sensors can be deployed on various water-based platforms such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), buoys, gliders, or research vessels. When deployed on a vessel, CTD sensors are typically attached to a rosette and then lowered to the seafloor to measure water properties. CTD sensors have a typical sampling rate of 30 Hz and can collect precise measurements for a specific water depth depending on the researcher's needs.
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Pressure > Water Pressure
Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/seafloor Topography > Water Depth
The Airborne Expendable Bathythermograph (AXBT) is a probe that is dropped from an aircraft. It is used to measure the profile of temperature in a water column. It can measure at a depth resolution of 1.5 m.
The Multibeam Echo Sounder System or MBES uses a sonar that produces an angular swath of beams to the port and starboard side in a single ping to effectively map a corridor with a width approximately 3-4 times the water depth. MBES consists of three instruments namely Teledyne Reson SeaBat 7160, Teledyne Reson SeaBat 7111, and Kongsberg EM 710. The OMG bathymetry survey was primarily conducted using multi-swath Multibeam Echo Sounder System (MBES) equipment and procedures.
Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/seafloor Topography > Water Depth
Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) sensors are in situ instrument packages that are used to measure water depth, pressure, salinity, temperature, and density in the ocean. CTD sensors can be deployed on various water-based platforms such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), buoys, gliders, or research vessels. When deployed on a vessel, CTD sensors are typically attached to a rosette and then lowered to the seafloor to measure water properties. CTD sensors have a typical sampling rate of 30 Hz and can collect precise measurements for a specific water depth depending on the researcher's needs.
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Pressure > Water Pressure
Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/seafloor Topography > Water Depth
The Airborne Inertially Referenced Gravimeter (AIRGrav) is an airborne gravimeter designed by Sanders Geophysics Limited. It uses three orthogonal accelerometers mounted on an inertially stabilized platform to measure gravity and gravity anomalies. AIRGrav is typically used for gravity surveys over gas and oil-producing regions, but it has also been used for surveys over polar and coastal regions. AIRGrav has a typical spatial resolution of 2 km and samples data at a rate of 128 Hz.
The Airborne Glacier and Land Ice Surface Topography Interferometer (GLISTIN-A) is an airborne, interferometric synthetic aperture radar. GLISTIN-A operates in the Ka-band (35.6 GHz), allowing the instrument to penetrate the top layers of snow and limit atmospheric attenuation. GLISTIN-A provides measurements of glacial and land ice surface topography and elevation at a spatial resolution of around 3 m. GLISTIN-A is ideal for measuring ice sheet elevation and studying glacial topographic changes due to its high spatial resolution and accuracy.
The Multibeam Echo Sounder System or MBES uses a sonar that produces an angular swath of beams to the port and starboard side in a single ping to effectively map a corridor with a width approximately 3-4 times the water depth. MBES consists of three instruments namely Teledyne Reson SeaBat 7160, Teledyne Reson SeaBat 7111, and Kongsberg EM 710. The OMG bathymetry survey was primarily conducted using multi-swath Multibeam Echo Sounder System (MBES) equipment and procedures.
Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/seafloor Topography > Water Depth
The Airborne Glacier and Land Ice Surface Topography Interferometer (GLISTIN-A) is an airborne, interferometric synthetic aperture radar. GLISTIN-A operates in the Ka-band (35.6 GHz), allowing the instrument to penetrate the top layers of snow and limit atmospheric attenuation. GLISTIN-A provides measurements of glacial and land ice surface topography and elevation at a spatial resolution of around 3 m. GLISTIN-A is ideal for measuring ice sheet elevation and studying glacial topographic changes due to its high spatial resolution and accuracy.
