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Instrument

PALS
Passive Active L-and-S-band Sensor

The Passive Active L- and S-band Sensor (PALS) is a combined airborne polarimetric radiometer and radar developed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It was designed to evaluate the advantages of merging passive and active remote sensors for measuring ocean salinity and soil moisture. Both the radiometer and radar in PALS operate across the L-band (1.41 GHz, 1.26 GHz) and S-band (2.69 GHz, 3.15 GHz) frequencies to measure brightness temperature and radar backscatter related to ocean salinity and soil moisture. Depending on the aircraft's altitude, PALS has a spatial resolution ranging from 600 to 1500 meters. Its design allows for installation on various aircraft and is typically used to validate observations from the Aquarius and SMAP satellite observations.

Image of PALS instrument
NASA's DC-8 flying laboratory passes Antarctica's tallest peak, Mount Vinson, on Oct. 22, 2012, during a flight over the continent to measure changes in the massive ice sheet and sea ice. Credit: NASA/Michael Studinger (Photography courtesy NASA Images)

Instrument Details

Radar
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Oceans > Salinity/density > Salinity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Cross-section
Full Column Profile
Variable
600-1500 m
1.41 GHz, 2.69 GHz, 1.26 GHz, 3.15 GHz
https://doi.org/10.1109/36.921422External Link
SMAPVEX

Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment

2008—2022
United States, Canada, Iowa, Maryland, Arizona, Massachusetts, Manitoba
view all deployment dates
5 Deployments
· 25 Data Products
DC-3

Douglas DC-3

1 Campaign · 1 Instrument
SMAPVEX

Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment

2008—2022
United States, Canada, Iowa, Maryland, Arizona, Massachusetts, Manitoba
view all deployment dates
5 Deployments
· 25 Data Products
SMEX

Soil Moisture Experiment

2002—2005
Iowa, Oklahoma, Georgia, Alabama, Arizona, Sonora, Mexico
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 0 Data Products
High Winds

High Winds

2009
Labrador Sea, North Atlantic Ocean
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products

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10.5067/SASSIE-PALS2External Link