ATR-42
ATR-42

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The Community Aerosol Inlet (CAI) is an airborne in situ sampler used to collect aerosol samples during large airborne research campaigns. It is a shrouded inlet that is typically mounted on the nose of an aircraft to be able to collect samples ahead of the aircraft fuselage. It has a design flow rate of 8000 liters per minute and can sample aerosol particles up to 5 μm in size.

The Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) is an in situ cloud probe manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It measures the particle size distribution and concentration for cloud particles in the 2-50 μm size range. CDP detects pulses of light scattered from a laser (658 nm) to count and size individual cloud droplets. CDP has a typical measurement rate of 1 Hz and can detect concentrations of up to 2000 particles per cubic centimeter.

Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) are in situ sensors that measure aerosol particle concentration. CPCs measure aerosol concentration by condensing fluid onto the particles, allowing them to grow to more detectable sizes for optical scattering. Typically, CPCs can detect particles with a size range of 7 nm-3 μm, can measure particle concentrations up to 100,000 particles/cc, and can provide measurements at 1-second intervals. CPCs are manufactured by TSI Incorporated and can be deployed on airborne, shipborne, and ground-based platforms.

The Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) is an in situ airborne or ground-based aerosol sensor manufactured by TSI Incorporated. SMPS uses a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) to measure the electrical mobility diameter of aerosol particles to determine the size distribution. It also measures the number of aerosol particles by using a condensation particle counter (CNC). It can detect particles within the size range of 10-1000 nm and can provide measurements typically around 10 seconds per scan.

The Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) is a spectrometer that measures the chemical composition and properties of sub-micron aerosol particles. AMS has a maximum data collection of 100 Hz and can detect particles with a size range of 40 nm to 1 micron. It operates by switching between mass spectrum (MS) mode and particle time-of-flight (PToF) mode to determine the chemical makeup of aerosol samples. The AMS can be deployed on aircraft, ships, mobile laboratories, or placed directly at a field site.

The Optical Particle Counter is an instrument based on the principle of light scattering from particles. It is a real time instrument that is typically used to measure particles above 0.05 μm in diameter.

The Passive-Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (PCASP) is an in situ airborne optical spectrometer manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It measures the light scattered by particles to determine the aerosol size distribution and concentration in the 0.1 to 3.0 μm size range. PCASP operates at the 632 nm wavelength and has a typical sampling rate of 10 Hz.

The Particule Volume Matter (PVM-100A) is an in situ airborne cloud probe manufactured by Gerber Scientific. It measures liquid water content and the effective radius of cloud droplets by measuring the scattering intensity proportional to the droplets' density and particle surface area density. PVM-100A operates at 780 nm and has a measurement rate of up to 5000 Hz. It can measure droplets in the size range of 3-50 μm diameter. The ground-based model of this instrument is PVM-100.

The Two Stage Viable Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI) is an in situ impactor for aerosol sampling. It is used when the size distribution is not required and only the total particle counts are needed for analysis. The sampled air flows through the instrument, and the aerosol particles are collected on the corresponding plates within the two sampling stages. Larger particles (> 8 μm) are collected in the first stage, while smaller particles (0.8-8 μm) are collected in the second stage. It has an exact flow rate of 28.3 liters per minute.

The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for counting atmospheric aerosol particles.

The Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) is an in situ spectrometer manufactured by TSI Incorporated. It measures aerosol particle size distribution within the 5.6 to 560 nm size range with 32 channels of resolution. FMPS has a data rate of 1 Hz and a sample flow rate of 10 liters per minute. FMPS can be deployed on airborne and ground-based platforms and is best suited for studying relatively stable aerosols.

The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter originally designed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It provides particle size distribution by measuring the intensity of the light scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles within a diameter range of 0.5 to 47 μm. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 Hz.

The Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) is an in situ airborne optical array probe manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. CIP records cloud particle images by capturing the shadow of the particles as they pass through the laser. It also provides information on the particle size distribution and cloud liquid water content. CIP has a typical resolution of 25 μm and can measure particles in the size range of 12.5 μm - 1.55 mm.

The Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) is an in situ airborne photometer manufactured by Radiance Research. It uses Beer's Law to measure the change in light transmission of aerosol particles. These measurements can be used to derive aerosol absorption and extinction. PSAP operates across three wavelengths (467, 530, and 660 nm) and has a temporal resolution of 1 second. It is typically deployed on aircraft, but it can be deployed on other platforms such as ships and vehicles.

The LEANDRE II is an airborne lidar system developed at the Service d’Ae´ronomie du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Paris. It uses the differential absorption lidar technique to provide profile measurements of water vapor mixing ratio. LEANDRE II operates in a double-pulse, double-wavelength mode in the 727-770 nm spectral range. It has a vertical resolution of 300 m and a horizontal resolution of 800 m. LEANDRE II has a double-pulse temporal separation of 50 microseconds and a repetition rate of 10 Hz.