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) 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/*!
Timeline JS 3
Designed and built by Zach Wise for the Northwestern University Knight Lab
This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
*/
/*!
Timeline JS 3
Designed and built by Zach Wise for the Northwestern University Knight Lab
This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
*/
/*!
Timeline JS 3
Designed and built by Zach Wise for the Northwestern University Knight Lab
This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
*/
/*!
Timeline JS 3
Designed and built by Zach Wise for the Northwestern University Knight Lab
This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
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Citation | Catalog of Archived Suborbital Earth Science Investigations
9 Campaigns 22 Data Products
Overview The Cessna Citation II is a twin-engine jet aircraft manufactured by Cessna and operated by the University of North Dakota (UND). It has been modified for atmospheric research, with space for up to two pilots and multiple equipment operators and passengers. Side-by-side sensor ports allow multiple instruments to collect data simultaneously. The Citation aircraft operates at a ceiling height of 43,000 feet and can be flown for up to 4 hours at a time, providing ample time for the aircraft to test new instruments for commercial aircraft and provide remote sensing observations for field campaigns.
OLYMPEX GCPEx IPHEx MC3E TEFLUN CRYSTAL-FACE RADEX FIRE TRMM-LBA
Slide 1 of 9
Nevzorov Liquid Water Content and Total Water Content Probe (Nevzorov Probe) The Nezorov Probe is an in situ airborne hot-wire probe that measures the liquid water content (LWC) and total water content (TWC) of clouds. It determines LWC and WC by detecting heat loss of its two sensors by evaporation of cloud water and by convective heat losses. At a constant temperature of 90 degrees Celsius, it can measure LWC and TWC in the range of 0.005-3 grams per cubic meter. The Nevzorov Probe provides measurements at 1-second intervals with an accuracy of 10%.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Learn MoreArrow right Rosemount Icing Detector (RICE) The Rosemount Icing Detector (RICE) is an in situ airborne probe manufactured by Rosemount Inc. It is a magnetostrictive oscillation probe that detects changes in the frequency of oscillation due to ice buildup on the sensing cylinder. These changes in frequency can be related to the rate of ice accretion, which can be used to derive liquid water content. RICE has a typical sampling rate of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) The Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) is an in situ cloud probe manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It measures the particle size distribution and concentration for cloud particles in the 2-50 μm size range. CDP detects pulses of light scattered from a laser (658 nm) to count and size individual cloud droplets. CDP has a typical measurement rate of 1 Hz and can detect concentrations of up to 2000 particles per cubic centimeter.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right 2D-Stereo Particle Probe (2D-S) The 2D-Stereo Particle Probe (2D-S) is an in situ airborne optical imaging probe developed by SPEC Inc. The 2D-S uses two diode laser beams to produce stereo cloud particle images through linear array shadowing. Through the imagery, cloud particle size distribution, particle number concentration, and ice/liquid water content can be determined. It has a resolution of 10 µm and can measure hydrometeors in the 25-1280 µm range.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) The Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) is an airborne imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. CPI collects high-resolution (2.3 μm pixel size) images of cloud particles that pass through its sample volume. It uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that operates at 810 nm to record images and can take up to 74 frames per second with a refresh rate of 40 Hz. The imagery from CPI can be used to derive microphysical properties such as particle size and habit.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Spectrometer and Impactor (CSI) The Cloud Spectrometer and Impactor (CSI) is an in situ airborne probe that measures total condensed water (TCW) content in clouds. It consists of a combination of a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) and a lightweight cloud droplet probe. It can measure cloud particles in the size range of 2 to 50 μm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Learn MoreArrow right High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer 3 (HVPS-3) The High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer 3 (HVPS-3) is an in situ airborne particle imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. It uses a 128-photodiode array to provide imagery of precipitation particles. The imagery can be used to determine the shape, size, and concentration of the particles. HVPS-3 has a pixel resolution of 150 μm and a maximum field of view of 1.92 cm.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) The 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) is an in situ, airborne instrument that captures imagery of hydrometeors. It collects these images by recording the status (illuminated or shadowed) of the photodiode array as the shadow of the hydrometeors passes over. 2D-C/P also provides measurements of particle size distribution, cloud droplet concentration, and hydrometeor shape. Typically, 2D-C/P probes have an image resolution of 25 micrometers and can image hydrometeors with diameters up to 1600 micrometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Hydrometeors
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right King (CSIRO) Liquid Water Probe (King Probe) The King Probe is an airborne cloud probe developed by Warren King (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) and manufactured by Particle Measuring Systems (PMS) and Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT). The King Probe provides measurements of cloud liquid water content (LWC) by measuring the heat released when water droplets are vaporized. The King Probe operates at a constant temperature (~100 C) and has a data output rate of 1 to 10 Hz. It is typically used in cloud microphysics and aircraft icing studies.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Nevzorov Liquid Water Content and Total Water Content Probe (Nevzorov Probe) The Nezorov Probe is an in situ airborne hot-wire probe that measures the liquid water content (LWC) and total water content (TWC) of clouds. It determines LWC and WC by detecting heat loss of its two sensors by evaporation of cloud water and by convective heat losses. At a constant temperature of 90 degrees Celsius, it can measure LWC and TWC in the range of 0.005-3 grams per cubic meter. The Nevzorov Probe provides measurements at 1-second intervals with an accuracy of 10%.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Learn MoreArrow right Rosemount Icing Detector (RICE) The Rosemount Icing Detector (RICE) is an in situ airborne probe manufactured by Rosemount Inc. It is a magnetostrictive oscillation probe that detects changes in the frequency of oscillation due to ice buildup on the sensing cylinder. These changes in frequency can be related to the rate of ice accretion, which can be used to derive liquid water content. RICE has a typical sampling rate of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) The Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) is an in situ cloud probe manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It measures the particle size distribution and concentration for cloud particles in the 2-50 μm size range. CDP detects pulses of light scattered from a laser (658 nm) to count and size individual cloud droplets. CDP has a typical measurement rate of 1 Hz and can detect concentrations of up to 2000 particles per cubic centimeter.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) The Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) is an airborne imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. CPI collects high-resolution (2.3 μm pixel size) images of cloud particles that pass through its sample volume. It uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that operates at 810 nm to record images and can take up to 74 frames per second with a refresh rate of 40 Hz. The imagery from CPI can be used to derive microphysical properties such as particle size and habit.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) The Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) is an in situ airborne optical array probe manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. CIP records cloud particle images by capturing the shadow of the particles as they pass through the laser. It also provides information on the particle size distribution and cloud liquid water content. CIP has a typical resolution of 25 μm and can measure particles in the size range of 12.5 μm - 1.55 mm.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer 3 (HVPS-3) The High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer 3 (HVPS-3) is an in situ airborne particle imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. It uses a 128-photodiode array to provide imagery of precipitation particles. The imagery can be used to determine the shape, size, and concentration of the particles. HVPS-3 has a pixel resolution of 150 μm and a maximum field of view of 1.92 cm.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Learn MoreArrow right 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) The 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) is an in situ, airborne instrument that captures imagery of hydrometeors. It collects these images by recording the status (illuminated or shadowed) of the photodiode array as the shadow of the hydrometeors passes over. 2D-C/P also provides measurements of particle size distribution, cloud droplet concentration, and hydrometeor shape. Typically, 2D-C/P probes have an image resolution of 25 micrometers and can image hydrometeors with diameters up to 1600 micrometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Hydrometeors
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right King (CSIRO) Liquid Water Probe (King Probe) The King Probe is an airborne cloud probe developed by Warren King (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) and manufactured by Particle Measuring Systems (PMS) and Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT). The King Probe provides measurements of cloud liquid water content (LWC) by measuring the heat released when water droplets are vaporized. The King Probe operates at a constant temperature (~100 C) and has a data output rate of 1 to 10 Hz. It is typically used in cloud microphysics and aircraft icing studies.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Video camera (Video camera) Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) The Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) is an in situ cloud probe manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It measures the particle size distribution and concentration for cloud particles in the 2-50 μm size range. CDP detects pulses of light scattered from a laser (658 nm) to count and size individual cloud droplets. CDP has a typical measurement rate of 1 Hz and can detect concentrations of up to 2000 particles per cubic centimeter.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) are in situ sensors that measure aerosol particle concentration. CPCs measure aerosol concentration by condensing fluid onto the particles, allowing them to grow to more detectable sizes for optical scattering. Typically, CPCs can detect particles with a size range of 7 nm-3 μm, can measure particle concentrations up to 100,000 particles/cc, and can provide measurements at 1-second intervals. CPCs are manufactured by TSI Incorporated and can be deployed on airborne, shipborne, and ground-based platforms.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Learn MoreArrow right Nevzorov Liquid Water Content and Total Water Content Probe (Nevzorov Probe) The Nezorov Probe is an in situ airborne hot-wire probe that measures the liquid water content (LWC) and total water content (TWC) of clouds. It determines LWC and WC by detecting heat loss of its two sensors by evaporation of cloud water and by convective heat losses. At a constant temperature of 90 degrees Celsius, it can measure LWC and TWC in the range of 0.005-3 grams per cubic meter. The Nevzorov Probe provides measurements at 1-second intervals with an accuracy of 10%.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Learn MoreArrow right Rosemount Icing Detector (RICE) The Rosemount Icing Detector (RICE) is an in situ airborne probe manufactured by Rosemount Inc. It is a magnetostrictive oscillation probe that detects changes in the frequency of oscillation due to ice buildup on the sensing cylinder. These changes in frequency can be related to the rate of ice accretion, which can be used to derive liquid water content. RICE has a typical sampling rate of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TDLAS) A Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TDLAS) is an airborne or ground-based in situ optical spectrometer. TDLAS measures the wavelength-dependent absorption of light to determine the concentration of various trace gases. It can also determine the gas species' temperature, pressure, velocity, and mass flux when possible. TDLAS has a typical time resolution of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Learn MoreArrow right High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer 3 (HVPS-3) The High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer 3 (HVPS-3) is an in situ airborne particle imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. It uses a 128-photodiode array to provide imagery of precipitation particles. The imagery can be used to determine the shape, size, and concentration of the particles. HVPS-3 has a pixel resolution of 150 μm and a maximum field of view of 1.92 cm.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) The 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) is an in situ, airborne instrument that captures imagery of hydrometeors. It collects these images by recording the status (illuminated or shadowed) of the photodiode array as the shadow of the hydrometeors passes over. 2D-C/P also provides measurements of particle size distribution, cloud droplet concentration, and hydrometeor shape. Typically, 2D-C/P probes have an image resolution of 25 micrometers and can image hydrometeors with diameters up to 1600 micrometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Hydrometeors
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) The Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) is an airborne imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. CPI collects high-resolution (2.3 μm pixel size) images of cloud particles that pass through its sample volume. It uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that operates at 810 nm to record images and can take up to 74 frames per second with a refresh rate of 40 Hz. The imagery from CPI can be used to derive microphysical properties such as particle size and habit.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right King (CSIRO) Liquid Water Probe (King Probe) The King Probe is an airborne cloud probe developed by Warren King (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) and manufactured by Particle Measuring Systems (PMS) and Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT). The King Probe provides measurements of cloud liquid water content (LWC) by measuring the heat released when water droplets are vaporized. The King Probe operates at a constant temperature (~100 C) and has a data output rate of 1 to 10 Hz. It is typically used in cloud microphysics and aircraft icing studies.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) The Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) is an in situ airborne optical array probe manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. CIP records cloud particle images by capturing the shadow of the particles as they pass through the laser. It also provides information on the particle size distribution and cloud liquid water content. CIP has a typical resolution of 25 μm and can measure particles in the size range of 12.5 μm - 1.55 mm.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Spectrometer and Impactor (CSI) The Cloud Spectrometer and Impactor (CSI) is an in situ airborne probe that measures total condensed water (TCW) content in clouds. It consists of a combination of a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) and a lightweight cloud droplet probe. It can measure cloud particles in the size range of 2 to 50 μm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Learn MoreArrow right 2D-Stereo Particle Probe (2D-S) The 2D-Stereo Particle Probe (2D-S) is an in situ airborne optical imaging probe developed by SPEC Inc. The 2D-S uses two diode laser beams to produce stereo cloud particle images through linear array shadowing. Through the imagery, cloud particle size distribution, particle number concentration, and ice/liquid water content can be determined. It has a resolution of 10 µm and can measure hydrometeors in the 25-1280 µm range.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Nevzorov Liquid Water Content and Total Water Content Probe (Nevzorov Probe) The Nezorov Probe is an in situ airborne hot-wire probe that measures the liquid water content (LWC) and total water content (TWC) of clouds. It determines LWC and WC by detecting heat loss of its two sensors by evaporation of cloud water and by convective heat losses. At a constant temperature of 90 degrees Celsius, it can measure LWC and TWC in the range of 0.005-3 grams per cubic meter. The Nevzorov Probe provides measurements at 1-second intervals with an accuracy of 10%.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Learn MoreArrow right Rosemount Icing Detector (RICE) The Rosemount Icing Detector (RICE) is an in situ airborne probe manufactured by Rosemount Inc. It is a magnetostrictive oscillation probe that detects changes in the frequency of oscillation due to ice buildup on the sensing cylinder. These changes in frequency can be related to the rate of ice accretion, which can be used to derive liquid water content. RICE has a typical sampling rate of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS) The Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS) is an in situ spectrometer manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It can be utilized on both airborne and ground-based platforms to measure aerosol size distribution and concentration. UHSAS determines the particle size by detecting the peak light signals of the aerosol particles which are illuminated by a 1054 nm laser. UHSAS can sample particles within the 60 - 1000 nm size range and has a sampling frequency of 10 Hz.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) The Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) is an in situ cloud probe manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It measures the particle size distribution and concentration for cloud particles in the 2-50 μm size range. CDP detects pulses of light scattered from a laser (658 nm) to count and size individual cloud droplets. CDP has a typical measurement rate of 1 Hz and can detect concentrations of up to 2000 particles per cubic centimeter.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right Chilled-mirror dewpoint hygrometer (CDH) Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) The Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) is an airborne imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. CPI collects high-resolution (2.3 μm pixel size) images of cloud particles that pass through its sample volume. It uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that operates at 810 nm to record images and can take up to 74 frames per second with a refresh rate of 40 Hz. The imagery from CPI can be used to derive microphysical properties such as particle size and habit.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Diode Laser Hygrometer (DLH) The Diode Laser Hygrometer (DLH) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed by NASA’s Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses tunable diode laser absorption to measure water vapor in the atmosphere. DLH operates in the near-infrared region at around 1.4 μm and has a measurement frequency of 100 Hz. It can provide accurate measurements of water vapor even while flying through clouds.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) The Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) is an in situ airborne optical array probe manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. CIP records cloud particle images by capturing the shadow of the particles as they pass through the laser. It also provides information on the particle size distribution and cloud liquid water content. CIP has a typical resolution of 25 μm and can measure particles in the size range of 12.5 μm - 1.55 mm.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer 3 (HVPS-3) The High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer 3 (HVPS-3) is an in situ airborne particle imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. It uses a 128-photodiode array to provide imagery of precipitation particles. The imagery can be used to determine the shape, size, and concentration of the particles. HVPS-3 has a pixel resolution of 150 μm and a maximum field of view of 1.92 cm.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) The 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) is an in situ, airborne instrument that captures imagery of hydrometeors. It collects these images by recording the status (illuminated or shadowed) of the photodiode array as the shadow of the hydrometeors passes over. 2D-C/P also provides measurements of particle size distribution, cloud droplet concentration, and hydrometeor shape. Typically, 2D-C/P probes have an image resolution of 25 micrometers and can image hydrometeors with diameters up to 1600 micrometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Hydrometeors
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right King (CSIRO) Liquid Water Probe (King Probe) The King Probe is an airborne cloud probe developed by Warren King (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) and manufactured by Particle Measuring Systems (PMS) and Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT). The King Probe provides measurements of cloud liquid water content (LWC) by measuring the heat released when water droplets are vaporized. The King Probe operates at a constant temperature (~100 C) and has a data output rate of 1 to 10 Hz. It is typically used in cloud microphysics and aircraft icing studies.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > >
Learn MoreArrow right Rosemount Icing Detector (RICE) The Rosemount Icing Detector (RICE) is an in situ airborne probe manufactured by Rosemount Inc. It is a magnetostrictive oscillation probe that detects changes in the frequency of oscillation due to ice buildup on the sensing cylinder. These changes in frequency can be related to the rate of ice accretion, which can be used to derive liquid water content. RICE has a typical sampling rate of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS) The High Volume Particle Sampler, also known as the High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS), measures particle size distributions and obtains particle images in the size range of about 0.1 cm to 6 cm. It is an open-path instrument located on the outside of the aircraft, typically below the wing. A laser sheet throws a shadowgraph image of the hydrometeor (cloud droplets or ice crystals) in the sample volume on a photodiode array. As the hydrometeor moves through the sample volume, this optical array records the moving shape and a two-dimensional picture can be recorded. At an air speed of 100 m/s, the sample volume is 310 l/s. The recorded images can be analyzed for size distributions, number concentrations, and further cloud properties detailed below. Hydrometeors in the range of 0.3−19.2 mm can be fully recorded at a 150 μm resolution; larger particles can only be sized along the direction of flight. In order to keep the pixel resolution along the flight path constant, the system clock frequency is adjusted according to the detected True Air Speed (TAS) by the data system itself. The maximum clock frequency for the HVPS is 240 kHz. The HVPS data recorded during this project has 400 m m resolution along the flight path.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) The Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) is an airborne imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. CPI collects high-resolution (2.3 μm pixel size) images of cloud particles that pass through its sample volume. It uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that operates at 810 nm to record images and can take up to 74 frames per second with a refresh rate of 40 Hz. The imagery from CPI can be used to derive microphysical properties such as particle size and habit.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Learn MoreArrow right 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) The 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) is an in situ, airborne instrument that captures imagery of hydrometeors. It collects these images by recording the status (illuminated or shadowed) of the photodiode array as the shadow of the hydrometeors passes over. 2D-C/P also provides measurements of particle size distribution, cloud droplet concentration, and hydrometeor shape. Typically, 2D-C/P probes have an image resolution of 25 micrometers and can image hydrometeors with diameters up to 1600 micrometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Hydrometeors
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right King (CSIRO) Liquid Water Probe (King Probe) The King Probe is an airborne cloud probe developed by Warren King (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) and manufactured by Particle Measuring Systems (PMS) and Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT). The King Probe provides measurements of cloud liquid water content (LWC) by measuring the heat released when water droplets are vaporized. The King Probe operates at a constant temperature (~100 C) and has a data output rate of 1 to 10 Hz. It is typically used in cloud microphysics and aircraft icing studies.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter originally designed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It provides particle size distribution by measuring the intensity of the light scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles within a diameter range of 0.5 to 47 μm. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 Hz.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right Counterflow Virtual Impactor (CVI) High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS) The High Volume Particle Sampler, also known as the High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS), measures particle size distributions and obtains particle images in the size range of about 0.1 cm to 6 cm. It is an open-path instrument located on the outside of the aircraft, typically below the wing. A laser sheet throws a shadowgraph image of the hydrometeor (cloud droplets or ice crystals) in the sample volume on a photodiode array. As the hydrometeor moves through the sample volume, this optical array records the moving shape and a two-dimensional picture can be recorded. At an air speed of 100 m/s, the sample volume is 310 l/s. The recorded images can be analyzed for size distributions, number concentrations, and further cloud properties detailed below. Hydrometeors in the range of 0.3−19.2 mm can be fully recorded at a 150 μm resolution; larger particles can only be sized along the direction of flight. In order to keep the pixel resolution along the flight path constant, the system clock frequency is adjusted according to the detected True Air Speed (TAS) by the data system itself. The maximum clock frequency for the HVPS is 240 kHz. The HVPS data recorded during this project has 400 m m resolution along the flight path.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Learn MoreArrow right Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TDLAS) A Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TDLAS) is an airborne or ground-based in situ optical spectrometer. TDLAS measures the wavelength-dependent absorption of light to determine the concentration of various trace gases. It can also determine the gas species' temperature, pressure, velocity, and mass flux when possible. TDLAS has a typical time resolution of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Integrating Nephelometer (CIN) This data will be added in future versions
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) The Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) is an airborne imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. CPI collects high-resolution (2.3 μm pixel size) images of cloud particles that pass through its sample volume. It uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that operates at 810 nm to record images and can take up to 74 frames per second with a refresh rate of 40 Hz. The imagery from CPI can be used to derive microphysical properties such as particle size and habit.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) The 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) is an in situ, airborne instrument that captures imagery of hydrometeors. It collects these images by recording the status (illuminated or shadowed) of the photodiode array as the shadow of the hydrometeors passes over. 2D-C/P also provides measurements of particle size distribution, cloud droplet concentration, and hydrometeor shape. Typically, 2D-C/P probes have an image resolution of 25 micrometers and can image hydrometeors with diameters up to 1600 micrometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Hydrometeors
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber (CFDC) The Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber (CFDC) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter (OPC). It utilizes vertical flow through two chambers with varying wall temperatures to grow ice particles within an OPC at the bottom of the instrument to determine particle size distribution. If conditions are steady, the CFDC can also measure flow rate, temperature, and humidity. CFDC measures the size distribution of aerosol particles between 0.4 and 20 mm. It measures particle counts every 0.2 seconds and particle spectra every 10 seconds.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Learn MoreArrow right Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter originally designed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It provides particle size distribution by measuring the intensity of the light scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles within a diameter range of 0.5 to 47 μm. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 Hz.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right Nevzorov Liquid Water Content and Total Water Content Probe (Nevzorov Probe) The Nezorov Probe is an in situ airborne hot-wire probe that measures the liquid water content (LWC) and total water content (TWC) of clouds. It determines LWC and WC by detecting heat loss of its two sensors by evaporation of cloud water and by convective heat losses. At a constant temperature of 90 degrees Celsius, it can measure LWC and TWC in the range of 0.005-3 grams per cubic meter. The Nevzorov Probe provides measurements at 1-second intervals with an accuracy of 10%.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Learn MoreArrow right Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) are in situ sensors that measure aerosol particle concentration. CPCs measure aerosol concentration by condensing fluid onto the particles, allowing them to grow to more detectable sizes for optical scattering. Typically, CPCs can detect particles with a size range of 7 nm-3 μm, can measure particle concentrations up to 100,000 particles/cc, and can provide measurements at 1-second intervals. CPCs are manufactured by TSI Incorporated and can be deployed on airborne, shipborne, and ground-based platforms.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Learn MoreArrow right Rosemount Icing Detector (RICE) The Rosemount Icing Detector (RICE) is an in situ airborne probe manufactured by Rosemount Inc. It is a magnetostrictive oscillation probe that detects changes in the frequency of oscillation due to ice buildup on the sensing cylinder. These changes in frequency can be related to the rate of ice accretion, which can be used to derive liquid water content. RICE has a typical sampling rate of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TDLAS) A Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TDLAS) is an airborne or ground-based in situ optical spectrometer. TDLAS measures the wavelength-dependent absorption of light to determine the concentration of various trace gases. It can also determine the gas species' temperature, pressure, velocity, and mass flux when possible. TDLAS has a typical time resolution of 1 second.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) The Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) is an in situ cloud probe manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It measures the particle size distribution and concentration for cloud particles in the 2-50 μm size range. CDP detects pulses of light scattered from a laser (658 nm) to count and size individual cloud droplets. CDP has a typical measurement rate of 1 Hz and can detect concentrations of up to 2000 particles per cubic centimeter.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right 2D-Stereo Particle Probe (2D-S) The 2D-Stereo Particle Probe (2D-S) is an in situ airborne optical imaging probe developed by SPEC Inc. The 2D-S uses two diode laser beams to produce stereo cloud particle images through linear array shadowing. Through the imagery, cloud particle size distribution, particle number concentration, and ice/liquid water content can be determined. It has a resolution of 10 µm and can measure hydrometeors in the 25-1280 µm range.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) The Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) is an airborne imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. CPI collects high-resolution (2.3 μm pixel size) images of cloud particles that pass through its sample volume. It uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that operates at 810 nm to record images and can take up to 74 frames per second with a refresh rate of 40 Hz. The imagery from CPI can be used to derive microphysical properties such as particle size and habit.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer 3 (HVPS-3) The High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer 3 (HVPS-3) is an in situ airborne particle imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. It uses a 128-photodiode array to provide imagery of precipitation particles. The imagery can be used to determine the shape, size, and concentration of the particles. HVPS-3 has a pixel resolution of 150 μm and a maximum field of view of 1.92 cm.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Learn MoreArrow right 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) The 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) is an in situ, airborne instrument that captures imagery of hydrometeors. It collects these images by recording the status (illuminated or shadowed) of the photodiode array as the shadow of the hydrometeors passes over. 2D-C/P also provides measurements of particle size distribution, cloud droplet concentration, and hydrometeor shape. Typically, 2D-C/P probes have an image resolution of 25 micrometers and can image hydrometeors with diameters up to 1600 micrometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Hydrometeors
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right King (CSIRO) Liquid Water Probe (King Probe) The King Probe is an airborne cloud probe developed by Warren King (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) and manufactured by Particle Measuring Systems (PMS) and Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT). The King Probe provides measurements of cloud liquid water content (LWC) by measuring the heat released when water droplets are vaporized. The King Probe operates at a constant temperature (~100 C) and has a data output rate of 1 to 10 Hz. It is typically used in cloud microphysics and aircraft icing studies.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Generic-Microphysics Probes (Gen-Microphysics) If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for microphysics probes
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Droplet Growth
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Learn MoreArrow right Johnson-Williams Cloud Water Meter (CWM) The Johnson-Williams Cloud Water Meter (CWM) is an in situ airborne hot wire probe manufactured by Johnson-Williams, Inc. The CWM measures the liquid water content (LWC) of clouds through an electric circuit that senses resistivity changes from cloud droplets that evaporate from an exposed heated wire. CWM can detect LWC ranges between 0 and 6 grams per cubic meter and operate at airspeeds between 50 and 150 meters per second. It operates at a constant current and has a typical data frequency of 2 Hz.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Learn MoreArrow right 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) The 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe (2D-C/P) is an in situ, airborne instrument that captures imagery of hydrometeors. It collects these images by recording the status (illuminated or shadowed) of the photodiode array as the shadow of the hydrometeors passes over. 2D-C/P also provides measurements of particle size distribution, cloud droplet concentration, and hydrometeor shape. Typically, 2D-C/P probes have an image resolution of 25 micrometers and can image hydrometeors with diameters up to 1600 micrometers.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Hydrometeors
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Learn MoreArrow right Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > >
Learn MoreArrow right Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter originally designed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It provides particle size distribution by measuring the intensity of the light scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles within a diameter range of 0.5 to 47 μm. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 Hz.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Learn MoreArrow right Generic-Microphysics Probes (Gen-Microphysics) If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for microphysics probes
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Droplet Growth
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Learn MoreArrow right High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS) The High Volume Particle Sampler, also known as the High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS), measures particle size distributions and obtains particle images in the size range of about 0.1 cm to 6 cm. It is an open-path instrument located on the outside of the aircraft, typically below the wing. A laser sheet throws a shadowgraph image of the hydrometeor (cloud droplets or ice crystals) in the sample volume on a photodiode array. As the hydrometeor moves through the sample volume, this optical array records the moving shape and a two-dimensional picture can be recorded. At an air speed of 100 m/s, the sample volume is 310 l/s. The recorded images can be analyzed for size distributions, number concentrations, and further cloud properties detailed below. Hydrometeors in the range of 0.3−19.2 mm can be fully recorded at a 150 μm resolution; larger particles can only be sized along the direction of flight. In order to keep the pixel resolution along the flight path constant, the system clock frequency is adjusted according to the detected True Air Speed (TAS) by the data system itself. The maximum clock frequency for the HVPS is 240 kHz. The HVPS data recorded during this project has 400 m m resolution along the flight path.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Learn MoreArrow right Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) The Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) is an airborne imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. CPI collects high-resolution (2.3 μm pixel size) images of cloud particles that pass through its sample volume. It uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that operates at 810 nm to record images and can take up to 74 frames per second with a refresh rate of 40 Hz. The imagery from CPI can be used to derive microphysical properties such as particle size and habit.
Measurements/Variables Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
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Filter data products from this platform by specific campaigns, instruments, or formats.
Instruments Cloud Droplet Probe ,
Condensation Particle Counter ,
Generic-Atmospheric State ,
Nevzorov Liquid Water Content and Total Water Content Probe ,
Rosemount Icing Detector ,
High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer 3 ,
2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe ,
Cloud Particle Imager ,
King (CSIRO) Liquid Water Probe ,
Cloud Imaging Probe ,
Cloud Spectrometer and Impactor Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) Quick-Look Data
Instruments Microwave Temperature Profiler ,
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer ,
Counterflow Virtual Impactor ,
Research Scanning Polarimeter ,
University of Alaska Fairbanks Lidar ,
Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer ,
Particle Analysis By Laser Mass Spectrometry ,
Broadband Radiometer ,
Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer ,
Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer ,
MODIS Airborne Simulator ,
Nucleation-Mode Aerosol Size Spectrometer ,
Cloud Particle Imager ,
NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed Microwave Radiometer ,
JPL Laser Hygrometer ,
Ceilometer ,
Cloud Physics Lidar ,
Cloud Radar System ,
Meteorological Measurement System ,
NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Interferometer