Overview
NASA’s ER-2 Earth Resources aircraft is a fixed-wing jet aircraft manufactured by Lockheed. The ER-2 has a maximum flight duration of 12 hours and can operate at an altitude of up to 70,000 ft, affording the platform a unique vantage point to collect observations at a height above 95% of the atmosphere. The ER-2 can support 2,900 lbs of payload, with a single pilot occupant.
Related Campaigns & Instruments
Review the instruments operated on this platform for each of these field campaigns
Slide 1 of 90
Olympic Mountains Experiment
2015—2016
Olympic Peninsula in U.S. Washington State
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 36 Data Products| 2015-11-01 | 2016-05-01 |
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolariMetric Imager (AirMSPI) is a passive remote sensing, airborne pushbroom camera developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) along with engineers from the University of Arizona and the University of Texas. AirMSPI operates across eight spectral bands (355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, 935 nm) to deliver multiangle radiance and linear polarization imagery, which can be used to determine aerosol and cloud microphysical properties. AirMSPI has a spatial resolution ranging from 10 to 25 meters, depending on the scan mode, and typically captures images at a rate of 23 Hz. It was designed to be mounted on the nose of NASA’s ER-2 aircraft and has been used in several aerosol and cloud research missions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Ultraviolet Wavelengths > Ultraviolet Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
The ER-2 X-Band Doppler Radar (EXRAD) is a dual-beam, X-band radar mounted on NASA’s ER-2 aircraft. It was initially intended to be used on the Global Hawk but was instead developed for the ER-2 to replace the ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP). EXRAD measures backscatter to determine radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and linear depolarization ratio. These measurements help to analyze the phase, orientation, size, and other properties of precipitation particles. EXRAD operates at 9.6 GHz and has a range resolution between 37.5 and 300 meters. It has a swath width of 28 km at an altitude of 20 km during scanning mode, with a typical sampling frequency of 0.25 seconds.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The High-Altitude Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) is an airborne Ka- and Ku-band, dual-beam Doppler radar system. It measures radar reflectivity and 3-D wind fields within clouds and precipitation, making it ideal for research missions into hurricanes and severe storms. It was designed to operate at higher altitudes (~ 20 km) than previous airborne wind profilers, allowing for a better vertical profile of the troposphere. HIWRAP has a range resolution of 150 m and operates at the following frequencies: 13.5 GHz, 13.9 GHz, 33.7 GHz, and 35.6 GHz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) is an airborne cross-track scanning spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at NASA Ames Research Center. eMAS captures high-resolution imagery of cloud and surface features, which can be used to develop and test algorithms for MODIS satellite observations. It operates across 38 spectral channels covering wavelengths from 0.445 to 14.1 µm and has a scan rate of 6.25 Hz. eMAS offers a spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of 37.25 kilometers at an altitude of 20 kilometers.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Student Airborne Research Program
2009—2026
Southern California, Virginia
Ongoing
view all deployment dates
19 Deployments
· 25 Data Products| 2025-06-15 | 2025-08-02 |
| 2025-06-22 | 2025-08-09 |
| 2009-07-12 | 2009-08-13 |
| 2010-06-20 | 2010-07-30 |
| 2011-06-19 | 2011-07-29 |
| 2012-06-17 | 2012-08-10 |
| 2013-06-09 | 2013-08-02 |
| 2014-06-15 | 2014-08-08 |
| 2015-06-14 | 2015-08-07 |
| 2016-06-12 | 2016-08-05 |
| 2017-06-18 | 2017-08-11 |
| 2018-06-18 | 2018-08-10 |
| 2019-06-16 | 2019-08-09 |
| 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-10 |
| 2022-06-12 | 2022-08-05 |
| 2023-06-11 | 2023-08-04 |
| 2023-06-18 | 2023-08-11 |
| 2024-06-16 | 2024-08-09 |
| 2024-06-23 | 2024-08-16 |
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment
2014
Southern Appalachians, including portions of North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 47 Data Products| 2014-05-01 | 2014-06-15 |
The Conical Scanning Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSMIR) is an airborne imaging radiometer designed to validate the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) instrument. CoSMIR operates across nine spectral channels in the 50-183 GHz range to measure microwave brightness temperature. It has a surface footprint resolution of 1.4 km by 1.4 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. CoSMIR can perform both conical and cross-tracking scanning.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Microwave Radiance
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The ER-2 X-Band Doppler Radar (EXRAD) is a dual-beam, X-band radar mounted on NASA’s ER-2 aircraft. It was initially intended to be used on the Global Hawk but was instead developed for the ER-2 to replace the ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP). EXRAD measures backscatter to determine radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and linear depolarization ratio. These measurements help to analyze the phase, orientation, size, and other properties of precipitation particles. EXRAD operates at 9.6 GHz and has a range resolution between 37.5 and 300 meters. It has a swath width of 28 km at an altitude of 20 km during scanning mode, with a typical sampling frequency of 0.25 seconds.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The High-Altitude Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) is an airborne Ka- and Ku-band, dual-beam Doppler radar system. It measures radar reflectivity and 3-D wind fields within clouds and precipitation, making it ideal for research missions into hurricanes and severe storms. It was designed to operate at higher altitudes (~ 20 km) than previous airborne wind profilers, allowing for a better vertical profile of the troposphere. HIWRAP has a range resolution of 150 m and operates at the following frequencies: 13.5 GHz, 13.9 GHz, 33.7 GHz, and 35.6 GHz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study
1994—1996
Boreal forests of central Canada
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 303 Data Products| 1994-02-02 | 1994-09-19 |
| 1996-02-27 | 1996-10-21 |
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study
1994—1996
Boreal forests of central Canada
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 303 Data Products| 1994-02-02 | 1994-09-19 |
| 1996-02-27 | 1996-10-21 |
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Thematic Mapper Simulator (TMS) is an airborne imaging spectrometer designed to simulate the Landsat Thematic Mapper. It captures radiance measurements and imagery for mapping vegetation and land cover. TMS operates across ten spectral channels in the visible and near-infrared spectrum (0.42-2.35 μm) and two in the thermal infrared range (8.5-14 μm). It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 25 m and a swath width of 15.6 km at an altitude of 19.8 km. TMS has a scan rate of 12.5 scans per second and a total field of view of 42.5 degrees.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Reflectance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
MAST
Monterey Area Ship Track
1994
Central California Coast, Pacific Ocean
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 1994-06-01 | 1994-06-30 |
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
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The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Aerosol Characterization from Polarimeter and Lidar
2017
Western United States
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 6 Data Products| 2017-10-19 | 2017-11-09 |
The Spectropolarimeter for Planetary EXploration - Airborne (SPEX Airborne) is an airborne polarimeter developed by the Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON). It was created to validate and test the capabilities of the spaceborne SPEX instrument. SPEX Airborne measures radiance between 400 and 800 nm at a spectral resolution of 2 nm across nine viewing angles. It has a 6-degree cross-track swath and a spatial resolution of approximately 200 meters at nadir.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Airborne Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (AirHARP) is an airborne polarimeter developed by the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). AirHARP provides measurements of the microphysical properties of aerosols and clouds in the atmosphere. It operates across four spectral channels (440, 550, 670, and 870 nm) and features a wide swath and fine angular resolution. AirHARP can deliver imagery at 60 viewing angles at the 670 nm channel and 20 viewing angles at the other three channels. Its multi-angle imaging capabilities make AirHARP ideal for cloud and aerosol research applications.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Droplet Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolariMetric Imager (AirMSPI) is a passive remote sensing, airborne pushbroom camera developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) along with engineers from the University of Arizona and the University of Texas. AirMSPI operates across eight spectral bands (355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, 935 nm) to deliver multiangle radiance and linear polarization imagery, which can be used to determine aerosol and cloud microphysical properties. AirMSPI has a spatial resolution ranging from 10 to 25 meters, depending on the scan mode, and typically captures images at a rate of 23 Hz. It was designed to be mounted on the nose of NASA’s ER-2 aircraft and has been used in several aerosol and cloud research missions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Ultraviolet Wavelengths > Ultraviolet Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
The Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) is an airborne, passive polarimeter developed by SpecTIR Corporation. It measures total radiance and linear polarization across nine spectral bands in the visible and infrared wavelengths (410-2250 nm). These measurements can be used to determine aerosol and cloud properties. RSP has a time resolution of 0.8 seconds, a field of view of 14 mrad, and a horizontal resolution of approximately 100 meters at an altitude of 5 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Forward Scatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Droplet Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Asymmetry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Top Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The High Spectral Resolution Lidar 2 (HSRL-2) is an airborne lidar developed by NASA's Langley Research Center. HSRL-2 measures aerosol backscatter at 355, 532, and 1064 nm wavelengths and aerosol extinction at 355 and 532 nm wavelengths. It has a horizontal resolution of 1-2 km and a vertical resolution of 15 m, with measurements taken approximately every 0.5 seconds. It replaced the original High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness > Angstrom Exponent
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign 2007
2007
Southern Great Plains, Oklahoma, Kansas
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 7 Data Products| 2007-06-11 | 2007-07-06 |
The ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) is an airborne X-band radar designed to operate on the nose of the ER-2 aircraft. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width to characterize precipitation systems. EDOP operates at a 9.6 GHz frequency and provides data at a rate of 2 Hz. It has a typical gate spacing of 75 m and a beamwidth of 2.9 degrees. EDOP has been replaced by the EXRAD radar.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) is an airborne passive microwave imaging radiometer developed by Georgia Tech and NOAA. It captures polarimetric microwave emission images of Earth to analyze ocean and land surface features, precipitation, ice, and clouds. PSR operates across four microwave channels: 10.7 GHz, 18.7 GHz, 37 GHz, and 89 GHz. The PSR/A version includes an extra dual-polarimetric channel at 21.5 GHz. Operating at an altitude of 22,000 feet above sea level, PSR has a spatial resolution ranging from 0.3 to 2.2 km, depending on the frequency band and scan mode.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Microwave Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere - Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment
1992—1993
Western Pacific Ocean, Coral Sea
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 1 Data Product| 1992-11-01 | 1993-02-28 |
The Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) is an airborne cross-track scanning spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at NASA Ames Research Center. eMAS captures high-resolution imagery of cloud and surface features, which can be used to develop and test algorithms for MODIS satellite observations. It operates across 38 spectral channels covering wavelengths from 0.445 to 14.1 µm and has a scan rate of 6.25 Hz. eMAS offers a spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of 37.25 kilometers at an altitude of 20 kilometers.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Mid-latitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment
2011
Central Oklahoma, Southern Plains
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 34 Data Products| 2011-04-22 | 2011-06-06 |
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Conical Scanning Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSMIR) is an airborne imaging radiometer designed to validate the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) instrument. CoSMIR operates across nine spectral channels in the 50-183 GHz range to measure microwave brightness temperature. It has a surface footprint resolution of 1.4 km by 1.4 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. CoSMIR can perform both conical and cross-tracking scanning.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Microwave Radiance
The High-Altitude Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) is an airborne Ka- and Ku-band, dual-beam Doppler radar system. It measures radar reflectivity and 3-D wind fields within clouds and precipitation, making it ideal for research missions into hurricanes and severe storms. It was designed to operate at higher altitudes (~ 20 km) than previous airborne wind profilers, allowing for a better vertical profile of the troposphere. HIWRAP has a range resolution of 150 m and operates at the following frequencies: 13.5 GHz, 13.9 GHz, 33.7 GHz, and 35.6 GHz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment
1996
Western Atlantic Ocean, US Eastern Seaboard
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 5 Data Products| 1996-07-07 | 1996-07-31 |
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) is an airborne lidar system developed at NASA's Langley Research Center (LaRC). LASE uses the differential absorption lidar technique to provide profile measurements of water vapor and aerosols in the atmosphere. LASE operates at the 815 nm wavelength and has a measurement frequency of 5 Hz. For aerosol scattering profiles, LASE has a horizontal resolution of 200 m and a vertical resolution of 30 m. It has a horizontal resolution of 5 km and a vertical resolution of 0.2 km for water vapor measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
CEPEX
Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment
1993
Central Pacific Ocean
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 1 Data Product| 1993-03-05 | 1993-04-07 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Total Direct Diffuse Radiometer (TDDR) is a passive radiometer that measures solar irradiance. It can be used for airborne and ground-based operations. TDDR measures total and diffuse irradiance by rotating a shadow arm before the radiometer. These measurements can be used to calculate the direct solar irradiance. TDDR operates across the 0.38-1.6 μm spectral range with a 0.01 μm bandwidth.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Lyman-alpha Hygrometer is an in situ hygrometer designed for deployment on airborne or ground-based platforms. It measures water vapor absorption at the Lyman-alpha wavelength (121.6 nm) of atomic hydrogen to determine the total water content in the atmosphere. It has a detection limit of 0.1 ppmv and a typical data acquisition rate of 1 second. The Lyman-alpha hygrometer provides water vapor measurements with an accuracy of 6% and a precision of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Broadband Radiometers (BBR) are modified versions of the Kipp & Zonen CM-22 pyranometers and CG-4 pyrgeometers. They have been adapted for use on airborne platforms through different instrument housing and signal amplification. BBR measures solar irradiance in the 0.2-3.6 μm wavelength range and infrared (IR) irradiance in the 4.5-42 μm range. These measurements can be used to derive net irradiance, radiative forcing, absorption, and albedo. It has a typical sampling rate of 1 Hz and a hemispheric field of view.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Absorption
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Forcing
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Albedo
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment (HOx) is an in situ laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor developed by Harvard University. It uses LIF centered at 309 nm to measure hydroxyl radical (OH). The OH is then converted into its first electronic state using a tunable ultraviolet laser near 282 nm. The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is measured as OH after chemical titration with nitric oxide. HOx has a short integration time of less than 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroxyl
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroperoxy
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Video cameras capture video recordings of various phenomena for research purposes. They are used on aircraft to provide continuous views of weather and terrain below the flight path. Video cameras are also employed to verify the aircraft's flight track. Additionally, they are deployed at field sites to monitor changes in vegetation, land cover, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other Earth science phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes
2005
Costa Rica, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, eastern North Pacific
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 14 Data Products| 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-27 |
The ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) is an airborne X-band radar designed to operate on the nose of the ER-2 aircraft. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width to characterize precipitation systems. EDOP operates at a 9.6 GHz frequency and provides data at a rate of 2 Hz. It has a typical gate spacing of 75 m and a beamwidth of 2.9 degrees. EDOP has been replaced by the EXRAD radar.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The High Altitude Monolithic Microwave integrated Circuit (MMIC) Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) is an airborne microwave sounder developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory through the NASA Instrument Incubator Program. HAMSR measures brightness temperature, which can be used to derive three-dimensional profiles of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water in the atmosphere. It operates across 25 spectral channels in three microwave bands (50-60 GHz, 118 GHz, 183 GHz) and has a sampling frequency of 5 seconds. HAMSR has a horizontal spatial resolution of 2 km at nadir and a field of view of approximately 40 km at an altitude of 20 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Absolute Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
OTTER
Oregon Transect Ecosystem Research Project
1989—1991
western coniferous forest in Oregon
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 14 Data Products| 1989-05-27 | 1989-08-23 |
| 1991-05-15 | 1991-08-24 |
| 1990-02-22 | 1991-01-07 |
The Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) is an airborne thermal infrared spectrometer used for geologic mapping. It captures multispectral thermal images across six channels within the 8.2-12.2 μm wavelength range. TIMS has a horizontal spatial resolution at nadir of 3 to 20 meters when flying at altitudes between 1,200 and 8,000 meters. It operates at four distinct scan rates: 7.3, 8.7, 12, and 25 scans per second.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Reflectance
Digital cameras are used to provide imagery for research applications. Cameras are used on aircraft to collect aerial imagery for mapping and surveying, environmental monitoring, cloud observations, agriculture, geological studies, and other Earth science applications. They are also used at field sites to capture visual observations to monitor changes in land cover, vegetation, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
The Thematic Mapper Simulator (TMS) is an airborne imaging spectrometer designed to simulate the Landsat Thematic Mapper. It captures radiance measurements and imagery for mapping vegetation and land cover. TMS operates across ten spectral channels in the visible and near-infrared spectrum (0.42-2.35 μm) and two in the thermal infrared range (8.5-14 μm). It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 25 m and a swath width of 15.6 km at an altitude of 19.8 km. TMS has a scan rate of 12.5 scans per second and a total field of view of 42.5 degrees.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Reflectance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Southern African Regional Science Initiative
1999—2001
Southern Africa
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 115 Data Products| 2000-02-01 | 2000-03-31 |
| 2001-03-01 | 2001-03-31 |
| 1999-08-01 | 1999-09-30 |
| 2000-08-01 | 2000-09-30 |
The Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (LAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer manufactured by TSI, Inc. LAS measures particle size by analyzing how particles scatter light. It operates at a 633 nm wavelength and detects particles ranging from 0.09 to 7.5 μm. LAS can deliver complete particle size distributions at a rate of 10 Hz. It is commonly used as part of aerosol instrument suites, such as NASA’s Langley Aerosol Research Group Experiment (LARGE) and NOAA’s Aerosol Microphysical Properties (AMP).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
The Airborne Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (AirMISR) is a passive remote sensor with a pushbroom design, developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). AirMISR captures visible and infrared images similar to those from the MISR instrument on the Terra satellite. It gathers data using a single camera at nine viewing angles and operates in four spectral bands: 443 nm, 555 nm, 670 nm, and 865 nm. AirMISR has approximately an 11 km swath width and an instantaneous field of view of 7 m x 6 m at nadir. It is usually flown on the NASA ER-2 aircraft due to its high operating altitude of 20 km.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Land Surface > Topography
The Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere - Aircraft (MOPITT-A) is an airborne radiometer developed at the University of Toronto. It is a scaled-down version of the MOPITT instrument on the Terra satellite and is used for validation measurements. It detects thermal and solar radiation to deliver column measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4). MOPITT-A operates across four channels at wavelengths of 4.617 μm, 2.334 μm, and 2.258 μm. Its footprint covers 2.52 km, with an accuracy of 10% for CO and 1% for CH4.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Reflectance
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The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) is an airborne radiometer developed by the Ames Atmospheric Radiation Group. It measures solar spectral irradiance in the troposphere. SSFR works within the 300-2150 nm wavelength range and offers a spectral resolution of 8-12 nm. It typically collects data at 1 Hz and has a radiometric accuracy of 3%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
TExas and FLorida UNderflights
1998
Texas, Florida
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 1998-04-01 | 1998-05-15 |
| 1998-08-01 | 1998-09-30 |
The ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) is an airborne X-band radar designed to operate on the nose of the ER-2 aircraft. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width to characterize precipitation systems. EDOP operates at a 9.6 GHz frequency and provides data at a rate of 2 Hz. It has a typical gate spacing of 75 m and a beamwidth of 2.9 degrees. EDOP has been replaced by the EXRAD radar.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Microwave (NAST-M) is an airborne microwave radiometer operated by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It measures brightness temperature, which can be used to retrieve water vapor profiles in the atmosphere. It consists of two radiometers: one operating across eight channels between 50-57 GHz and the other across nine at 118 GHz. In 2003, NAST-M was upgraded with two additional radiometers at 183 and 425 GHz to enhance water vapor retrievals and detect small hydrometeors. NAST-M has a spatial resolution of 2.6 km and a cross-track swath width of 100 km at a flight altitude of 20 km. Its typical integration time is 100 ms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sounder (MAMS) is an airborne multispectral scanner developed by modifying NASA’s Thematic Mapping Sensor (TMS). MAMS captures reflected radiances in eight visible/near-infrared (VNIR) bands and thermal emissions in four infrared bands. It was built to study weather-related phenomena such as storm system structure, cloud-top temperature, and upper atmospheric water vapor. MAMS operates within the 0.42-12.56 μm spectral range over 12 channels. It has a horizontal resolution of 100 meters and a swath width of approximately 37 kilometers at a flight altitude of 20 kilometers. MAMS scans at a rate of 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The Submillimeter Limb Sounder (SLS) was a passive heterodyne radiometer designed for high-altitude balloons and aircraft. It measured thermal emission spectra around 640 GHz to detect chlorine monoxide (ClO), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and ozone (O3), and at 604 GHz for nitric acid (HNO3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). It had a field of view of 0.3 degrees, resulting in a vertical resolution of 1.5 km at an altitude of 25 km. SLS completed a full scan in approximately 300 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Acid
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Hydrogen Chloride
The NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Interferometer (NAST-I) is an airborne infrared interferometer operated and maintained by NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy to measure brightness temperature and radiance. NAST-I operates within the spectral range of 3.7-16.1 µm and has a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm-1. It features a spatial resolution of 2.6 km and a cross-track swath width of 46 km at a flight altitude of 20 km. A complete scan cycle for NAST-I takes approximately 12.2 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Atmospheric Temperature Indices
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Dropsondes, also known as dropwindsondes, are in situ instruments designed to be released from aircraft. They are equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and sensors to collect profile measurements of pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. Dropsondes are important during field investigations because they enable researchers to collect vertical profiles in remote locations and during severe weather conditions. Typically, dropsondes have a vertical resolution of 5 meters and provide wind speed and direction measurements every 0.25 seconds, while temperature, pressure, and humidity are recorded every 0.5 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere
2021—2022
Central United States
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 5 Data Products| 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-23 |
| 2021-05-03 | 2021-06-17 |
| 2022-05-26 | 2022-07-12 |
The Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) is a laser ionization mass spectrometer operated by NOAA. PALMS provides in situ measurements of aerosol particles and their chemical composition by using a UV laser pulse (193 nm) to generate ions. These ions are then analyzed with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to produce the mass spectrum of each particle, which can be used to classify individual aerosol particles. PALMS has an aerosol size range of 0.2 to 3 microns and typically collects data at about 1 to 10 Hz. It can be used for either airborne or laboratory aerosol measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS) is an in situ airborne instrument suite that measures trace gases in the atmosphere. It includes three separate instruments: a three-channel gas chromatograph (GC), a dual-beam ozone photometer (OZ), and a tunable diode laser (TDL) spectrometer. The GC measures nitrous oxide (N2O) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) every 70 seconds and detects hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO) every 140 seconds. The OZ sensor operates at 254 nm and provides ozone measurements every 10 seconds. The TDL spectrometer operates at 1370 nm and offers water vapor measurements every 1 second. UCATS was designed for operation on UAS, but it has also been deployed on piloted aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Compact Airborne Formaldehyde Experiment (CAFE) is an in situ airborne instrument that measures formaldehyde (CH2O). It uses non-resonant laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to measure CH20 in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. CAFE uses a laser at 355 nm wavelength to excite CH20 and detect the fluorescence in the 420-550 nm range. It has a typical sampling rate of 1 Hz and achieves a precision of 160 pptv at zero pptv CH20.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Harvard Water Vapor (HWV) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at Harvard University that measures water vapor mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. HWV includes two instruments with different methods for detecting water vapor: the Lyman-α photo-fragment fluorescence instrument (LyA) and a tunable diode laser direct absorption instrument (HHH -Harvard Herriott Hygrometer). By combining both instruments, HWV can identify and reduce systematic errors during flight. It provides measurements of water vapor mixing ratio from 1 to 1000 ppmv at 1 Hz and with an accuracy of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Digital cameras are used to provide imagery for research applications. Cameras are used on aircraft to collect aerial imagery for mapping and surveying, environmental monitoring, cloud observations, agriculture, geological studies, and other Earth science applications. They are also used at field sites to capture visual observations to monitor changes in land cover, vegetation, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
PODEX
POlarimeter Definition EXperiment
2013
San Joaquin Valley, California
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2013-01-14 | 2013-02-06 |
The Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolariMetric Imager (AirMSPI) is a passive remote sensing, airborne pushbroom camera developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) along with engineers from the University of Arizona and the University of Texas. AirMSPI operates across eight spectral bands (355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, 935 nm) to deliver multiangle radiance and linear polarization imagery, which can be used to determine aerosol and cloud microphysical properties. AirMSPI has a spatial resolution ranging from 10 to 25 meters, depending on the scan mode, and typically captures images at a rate of 23 Hz. It was designed to be mounted on the nose of NASA’s ER-2 aircraft and has been used in several aerosol and cloud research missions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Ultraviolet Wavelengths > Ultraviolet Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
The Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) is an airborne, passive polarimeter developed by SpecTIR Corporation. It measures total radiance and linear polarization across nine spectral bands in the visible and infrared wavelengths (410-2250 nm). These measurements can be used to determine aerosol and cloud properties. RSP has a time resolution of 0.8 seconds, a field of view of 14 mrad, and a horizontal resolution of approximately 100 meters at an altitude of 5 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Forward Scatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Droplet Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Asymmetry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Top Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) is an in situ spectrometer developed by Aerodyne Research. It employs quadrupole mass spectrometry to measure aerosol chemical composition and properties. It can detect particles ranging from 40 nm to 1 micron in size and has a time resolution of up to 10 Hz. It can be installed on aircraft, research vessels, mobile laboratories, or other ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) is an airborne radiometer developed by the Ames Atmospheric Radiation Group. It measures solar spectral irradiance in the troposphere. SSFR works within the 300-2150 nm wavelength range and offers a spectral resolution of 8-12 nm. It typically collects data at 1 Hz and has a radiometric accuracy of 3%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
The Passive Aerosol and Cloud Suite (PACS) is an airborne multi-angle imaging polarimeter. It collects visible near-infrared (VNIR) imagery across five spectral channels: 470, 550, 670, 766, and 870 nm. It has around 65 viewing angles for all wavelengths, with the 670 nm wavelength channel having 130 viewing angles. PACS has a ground resolution of 37 m at nadir and a swath width of 37 km at typical flying altitudes of the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths
Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling
2007
Costa Rica, tropical Eastern Pacific
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 2 Data Products| 2007-06-16 | 2007-08-15 |
The ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) is an airborne X-band radar designed to operate on the nose of the ER-2 aircraft. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width to characterize precipitation systems. EDOP operates at a 9.6 GHz frequency and provides data at a rate of 2 Hz. It has a typical gate spacing of 75 m and a beamwidth of 2.9 degrees. EDOP has been replaced by the EXRAD radar.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Broadband Radiometers (BBR) are modified versions of the Kipp & Zonen CM-22 pyranometers and CG-4 pyrgeometers. They have been adapted for use on airborne platforms through different instrument housing and signal amplification. BBR measures solar irradiance in the 0.2-3.6 μm wavelength range and infrared (IR) irradiance in the 4.5-42 μm range. These measurements can be used to derive net irradiance, radiative forcing, absorption, and albedo. It has a typical sampling rate of 1 Hz and a hemispheric field of view.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Absorption
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Forcing
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Albedo
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) is an airborne radiometer developed by the Ames Atmospheric Radiation Group. It measures solar spectral irradiance in the troposphere. SSFR works within the 300-2150 nm wavelength range and offers a spectral resolution of 8-12 nm. It typically collects data at 1 Hz and has a radiometric accuracy of 3%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
The Configurable Scanning Submillimeter-wave Instrument/Radiometer (CoSSIR) is an airborne imaging radiometer designed to measure ice clouds. It measures brightness temperature across 16 channels in the 183-874 GHz range. These measurements can determine ice cloud properties, water vapor profiles, and snowfall rates. CoSSIR has a surface footprint of 1.5 km at nadir at an altitude of 20 km. It has a scan cycle of 4.6 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Video cameras capture video recordings of various phenomena for research purposes. They are used on aircraft to provide continuous views of weather and terrain below the flight path. Video cameras are also employed to verify the aircraft's flight track. Additionally, they are deployed at field sites to monitor changes in vegetation, land cover, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other Earth science phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere
2021—2022
Central United States
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 5 Data Products| 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-23 |
| 2021-05-03 | 2021-06-17 |
| 2022-05-26 | 2022-07-12 |
The Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) is a laser ionization mass spectrometer operated by NOAA. PALMS provides in situ measurements of aerosol particles and their chemical composition by using a UV laser pulse (193 nm) to generate ions. These ions are then analyzed with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to produce the mass spectrum of each particle, which can be used to classify individual aerosol particles. PALMS has an aerosol size range of 0.2 to 3 microns and typically collects data at about 1 to 10 Hz. It can be used for either airborne or laboratory aerosol measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS) is an in situ airborne instrument suite that measures trace gases in the atmosphere. It includes three separate instruments: a three-channel gas chromatograph (GC), a dual-beam ozone photometer (OZ), and a tunable diode laser (TDL) spectrometer. The GC measures nitrous oxide (N2O) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) every 70 seconds and detects hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO) every 140 seconds. The OZ sensor operates at 254 nm and provides ozone measurements every 10 seconds. The TDL spectrometer operates at 1370 nm and offers water vapor measurements every 1 second. UCATS was designed for operation on UAS, but it has also been deployed on piloted aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Compact Airborne Formaldehyde Experiment (CAFE) is an in situ airborne instrument that measures formaldehyde (CH2O). It uses non-resonant laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to measure CH20 in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. CAFE uses a laser at 355 nm wavelength to excite CH20 and detect the fluorescence in the 420-550 nm range. It has a typical sampling rate of 1 Hz and achieves a precision of 160 pptv at zero pptv CH20.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Harvard Water Vapor (HWV) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at Harvard University that measures water vapor mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. HWV includes two instruments with different methods for detecting water vapor: the Lyman-α photo-fragment fluorescence instrument (LyA) and a tunable diode laser direct absorption instrument (HHH -Harvard Herriott Hygrometer). By combining both instruments, HWV can identify and reduce systematic errors during flight. It provides measurements of water vapor mixing ratio from 1 to 1000 ppmv at 1 Hz and with an accuracy of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Digital cameras are used to provide imagery for research applications. Cameras are used on aircraft to collect aerial imagery for mapping and surveying, environmental monitoring, cloud observations, agriculture, geological studies, and other Earth science applications. They are also used at field sites to capture visual observations to monitor changes in land cover, vegetation, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
The Integrated Cavity Output Spectrometer (ICOS) is an airborne in situ spectrometer developed by Harvard University. It is a mid-infrared (6.7 μm) spectrometer that measures the primary isotopologues of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. It has been integrated onto NASA’s WB-57 aircraft for field investigations of water vapor. It has an average data acquisition rate of 1 Hz and a measurement precision of 0.14 ppbv in 4-second averages for water vapor.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Rapid OZone Experiment (ROZE) is an airborne in situ instrument that measures ozone levels in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It employs the incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) technique to determine ozone concentrations in the sampled volume. ROZE utilizes a light-emitting diode (LED) in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum at 265 nm. ROZE operates with a measurement sampling rate of 10 Hz and an accuracy of 6.2%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
The Printed Optical Particle Spectrometer (POPS) is an in situ spectrometer that measures particle size and concentration. POPS can be mounted on UAVs or balloons to gather vertical aerosol particle profiles. Operating at a typical wavelength of 405 nm, POPS provides measurements roughly every second and detects particles from 140 nm to 3000 nm in size.
Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Public Health > Environmental Health Factors > Particulate Matter Concentrations
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Particulate Matter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Compact Airborne NO2 Experiment (CANOE) is an in situ analyzer developed at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It uses non-resonant laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to measure nitrogen dioxide (NO2) throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere. A 532 nm laser detects the fluorescence from NO2 molecules to determine the concentration. CANOE provides measurements at a rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Harvard Halogens Instrument (HAL) is an in situ airborne fluorescence analyzer developed by Harvard University. It uses chemical titration-resonance fluorescence to detect chlorine monoxide (ClO) and thermal dissociation-chemical titration-resonance fluorescence to detect chlorine nitrate (ClONO2). HAL operates at the 118.9 nm wavelength and reports data every 35 seconds. It measures ClO and ClONO2 mixing ratios with a precision of 3 pptv and 10 pptv, respectively.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Nitrate
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Bromine Monoxide
The Picarro gas concentration analyzer is an in situ airborne or ground-based sensor manufactured by Picarro, Inc. It uses Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) to measure trace gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and water vapor. For carbon dioxide measurements, the laser within Picarro operates at 1603 nm wavelength, while 1651 nm wavelength is used for methane and water vapor measurements. Picarro has a typical sampling time of 2.5 seconds. Depending on the model, Picarro can also provide measurements of carbon isotopes for gas concentrations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Ammonia
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
The Whole Air Sampler (WAS) is an airborne in-situ instrument that collects air samples for analyzing trace gases, such as nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halocarbons, alkyl nitrates, and various sulfur compounds found in the troposphere. Air samples collected by the WAS are then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the gases present. The WAS collects samples every minute, allowing scientists to get a clear picture of the environment's chemical composition as research aircraft pass through.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Non-methane Hydrocarbons/volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Dimethyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Halocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Carbonyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment
1994
Moffett Field, California, Christchurch, New Zealand, Hawaii, Fiji
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 1994-03-18 | 1994-11-04 |
The Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (ACATS) was an in situ airborne four-channel gas chromatograph. It used electron capture detection (ECD) to measure various halocarbons and trace gases in the stratosphere. Measurements are provided every 125 or 250 seconds, depending on the gas species. ACATS is now retired and has been replaced by the Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Carbon Tetrachloride
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorofluorocarbons
The Multi-sample Aerosol Collection System (MACS) is an in situ airborne aerosol sampling system. It consists of a two-stage impact collector, which allows for the collection of aerosol particles on electron microscope grids for further analysis. MACS can collect particles as small as 0.02 μm for altitudes up to 60,000 feet. MACS can collect around 24 samples per flight.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Multiple-Angle Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (MASP) is an in situ airborne spectrometer. It measures the light intensity of scatter aerosol particles at 780 nm wavelength across multiple angles to determine particle size and concentration. It can detect particles within the 0.3 to 20 micron size range. MASP typically has a time resolution of 10 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Lyman-alpha Hygrometer is an in situ hygrometer designed for deployment on airborne or ground-based platforms. It measures water vapor absorption at the Lyman-alpha wavelength (121.6 nm) of atomic hydrogen to determine the total water content in the atmosphere. It has a detection limit of 0.1 ppmv and a typical data acquisition rate of 1 second. The Lyman-alpha hygrometer provides water vapor measurements with an accuracy of 6% and a precision of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Focused Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer (FCAS) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter developed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. FCAS detects light scattered by individual aerosol particles to determine their size distribution. It can detect aerosol particles ranging from 0.06 to 2 μm in size and operate at altitudes up to 20 km. Typically, FCAS provides measurements every 10 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer (Harvard CO2) is an in situ airborne spectrometer operated by Harvard University. It measures carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations using a modified nondispersive infrared CO2 analyzer. CO2 mixing ratios are determined by measuring absorption at 4.26 μm. Harvard CO2 has a measurement sampling rate of 0.5 Hz and a precision of 0.05 ppm. Harvard is typically deployed on high-altitude aircraft like the ER-2, but it has been used for balloon-borne measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) is an in situ spectrometer manufactured by TSI Instruments. APS measures aerodynamic particles in the 0.5-20 μm size range. It also measures the light-scattering intensity of the particles in the 0.37-20 μm optical size range. APS provides particle size distributions for 52 channels at a typical sampling time of 1 second. It uses a laser diode operating at 655 nm and has a size resolution of 0.02 μm at 1 μm. APS can be deployed on aircraft, ships, or ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It can also be deployed on balloons. It uses mid-infrared (3.4–8 μm) absorption spectroscopy to measure atmospheric gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). ALIAS has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a time resolution of 3 seconds or less.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Stable Isotopes
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Harvard Water Vapor (HWV) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at Harvard University that measures water vapor mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. HWV includes two instruments with different methods for detecting water vapor: the Lyman-α photo-fragment fluorescence instrument (LyA) and a tunable diode laser direct absorption instrument (HHH -Harvard Herriott Hygrometer). By combining both instruments, HWV can identify and reduce systematic errors during flight. It provides measurements of water vapor mixing ratio from 1 to 1000 ppmv at 1 Hz and with an accuracy of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The NOAA Frost Point Hygrometer (FPH) is a balloon-borne sensor that collects profile measurements of atmospheric water vapor. It employs the chilled-mirror principle to determine the frost or dew point temperature up to 28 km in the atmosphere. FPH takes measurements with a vertical resolution of 5-10 m and a temporal resolution of 1-2 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Dew Point Temperature
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment (HOx) is an in situ laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor developed by Harvard University. It uses LIF centered at 309 nm to measure hydroxyl radical (OH). The OH is then converted into its first electronic state using a tunable ultraviolet laser near 282 nm. The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is measured as OH after chemical titration with nitric oxide. HOx has a short integration time of less than 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroxyl
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroperoxy
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Multiple Axis Resonance Fluorescence Chemical Conversion Detector for ClO and BrO (ClO/BrO) is an in situ airborne analyzer operated by Harvard University. It provides measurements of chlorine monoxide (ClO) and bromine monoxide (BrO) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ClO and BrO are converted to chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br) through the addition of nitric oxide (NO) in the sample air. Cl and Br concentrations are detected through resonance scattering in the vacuum ultraviolet (119 nm) to determine ClO and BrO concentrations. ClO/BrO has a detection limit greater than 1 pptv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Bromine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
The Composition and Photodissociative Flux Measurement (CPFM) is an in situ airborne spectroradiometer used for the measurement of direct and scattered solar irradiance. It is based on a holographic, diffraction grating, and a 1024-element photodiode array detector. It measures the solar flux on a horizontal surface and the limb and apparent brightness below the flight level. CPFM operates in the 300-770 nm wavelength range. CPFM has also been used for ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (ATLAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by NASA. ATLAS uses second-harmonic absorption spectrometry to measure trace gases in the lower stratosphere, such as nitrous oxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The laser inside ATLAS is tuned to the infrared absorption band of the target gas and is frequency modulated at 2 kHz, with second-harmonic detection happening at 4 kHz. ATLAS provides measurements with a time resolution of 1 second and a spatial resolution of about 200 meters when deployed on the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region In Summer
1997
Arctic, Mid-latitudes
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 9 Data Products| 1997-06-23 | 1997-07-12 |
| 1997-09-02 | 1997-09-25 |
| 1997-04-16 | 1997-05-15 |
The Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (ACATS) was an in situ airborne four-channel gas chromatograph. It used electron capture detection (ECD) to measure various halocarbons and trace gases in the stratosphere. Measurements are provided every 125 or 250 seconds, depending on the gas species. ACATS is now retired and has been replaced by the Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Carbon Tetrachloride
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorofluorocarbons
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Multiple-Angle Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (MASP) is an in situ airborne spectrometer. It measures the light intensity of scatter aerosol particles at 780 nm wavelength across multiple angles to determine particle size and concentration. It can detect particles within the 0.3 to 20 micron size range. MASP typically has a time resolution of 10 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Submillimeter Limb Sounder (SLS) was a passive heterodyne radiometer designed for high-altitude balloons and aircraft. It measured thermal emission spectra around 640 GHz to detect chlorine monoxide (ClO), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and ozone (O3), and at 604 GHz for nitric acid (HNO3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). It had a field of view of 0.3 degrees, resulting in a vertical resolution of 1.5 km at an altitude of 25 km. SLS completed a full scan in approximately 300 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Acid
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Hydrogen Chloride
The Focused Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer (FCAS) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter developed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. FCAS detects light scattered by individual aerosol particles to determine their size distribution. It can detect aerosol particles ranging from 0.06 to 2 μm in size and operate at altitudes up to 20 km. Typically, FCAS provides measurements every 10 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer (Harvard CO2) is an in situ airborne spectrometer operated by Harvard University. It measures carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations using a modified nondispersive infrared CO2 analyzer. CO2 mixing ratios are determined by measuring absorption at 4.26 μm. Harvard CO2 has a measurement sampling rate of 0.5 Hz and a precision of 0.05 ppm. Harvard is typically deployed on high-altitude aircraft like the ER-2, but it has been used for balloon-borne measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) is an airborne lidar system developed at NASA’s Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses four lasers to detect lidar backscatter and provide profile measurements of ozone and aerosols in the atmosphere. DIAL operates in the ultraviolet (289-300 nm) for ozone detection and in the visible (572-600 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) for aerosols. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of approximately 15 km and a measurement accuracy of 5 ppbv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
The Whole Air Sampler (WAS) is an airborne in-situ instrument that collects air samples for analyzing trace gases, such as nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halocarbons, alkyl nitrates, and various sulfur compounds found in the troposphere. Air samples collected by the WAS are then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the gases present. The WAS collects samples every minute, allowing scientists to get a clear picture of the environment's chemical composition as research aircraft pass through.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Non-methane Hydrocarbons/volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Dimethyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Halocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Carbonyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) is an in situ spectrometer manufactured by TSI Instruments. APS measures aerodynamic particles in the 0.5-20 μm size range. It also measures the light-scattering intensity of the particles in the 0.37-20 μm optical size range. APS provides particle size distributions for 52 channels at a typical sampling time of 1 second. It uses a laser diode operating at 655 nm and has a size resolution of 0.02 μm at 1 μm. APS can be deployed on aircraft, ships, or ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It can also be deployed on balloons. It uses mid-infrared (3.4–8 μm) absorption spectroscopy to measure atmospheric gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). ALIAS has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a time resolution of 3 seconds or less.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Stable Isotopes
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Harvard Water Vapor (HWV) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at Harvard University that measures water vapor mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. HWV includes two instruments with different methods for detecting water vapor: the Lyman-α photo-fragment fluorescence instrument (LyA) and a tunable diode laser direct absorption instrument (HHH -Harvard Herriott Hygrometer). By combining both instruments, HWV can identify and reduce systematic errors during flight. It provides measurements of water vapor mixing ratio from 1 to 1000 ppmv at 1 Hz and with an accuracy of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It uses a tunable diode laser operating at 1.37 μm to measure atmospheric water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. JLH has a minimum spatial resolution of 25 meters and a detection range of 1 to 500 ppmv. It typically samples at 1 Hz and can provide measurements with a precision of 0.05 ppmv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment (HOx) is an in situ laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor developed by Harvard University. It uses LIF centered at 309 nm to measure hydroxyl radical (OH). The OH is then converted into its first electronic state using a tunable ultraviolet laser near 282 nm. The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is measured as OH after chemical titration with nitric oxide. HOx has a short integration time of less than 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroxyl
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroperoxy
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Chlorine Nitrate Instrument (ClONO2) is an in situ airborne analyzer used for the detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), chlorine monoxide (ClO), bromine monoxide (BrO), and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2). It used laser-induced resonance fluorescence (LIF) at 585 nm for the direct detection of NO2. It provides NO2 measurements in 10-second intervals with an accuracy of approximately 10%. It uses thermal dissociation and ultraviolet (118.9 nm) resonance fluorescence for the detection of ClO, BrO, and ClONO2. It provides ClO and ClONO2 measurements in 35-second intervals with a detection limit of 3 pptv and 10 pptv, respectively.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Bromine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Nitrate
The Composition and Photodissociative Flux Measurement (CPFM) is an in situ airborne spectroradiometer used for the measurement of direct and scattered solar irradiance. It is based on a holographic, diffraction grating, and a 1024-element photodiode array detector. It measures the solar flux on a horizontal surface and the limb and apparent brightness below the flight level. CPFM operates in the 300-770 nm wavelength range. CPFM has also been used for ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (ATLAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by NASA. ATLAS uses second-harmonic absorption spectrometry to measure trace gases in the lower stratosphere, such as nitrous oxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The laser inside ATLAS is tuned to the infrared absorption band of the target gas and is frequency modulated at 2 kHz, with second-harmonic detection happening at 4 kHz. ATLAS provides measurements with a time resolution of 1 second and a spatial resolution of about 200 meters when deployed on the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers Florida Area Cirrus Experiment
2002
Southern Florida
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 1 Data Product| 2002-07-03 | 2002-07-29 |
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
Dropsondes, also known as dropwindsondes, are in situ instruments designed to be released from aircraft. They are equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and sensors to collect profile measurements of pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. Dropsondes are important during field investigations because they enable researchers to collect vertical profiles in remote locations and during severe weather conditions. Typically, dropsondes have a vertical resolution of 5 meters and provide wind speed and direction measurements every 0.25 seconds, while temperature, pressure, and humidity are recorded every 0.5 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It uses a tunable diode laser operating at 1.37 μm to measure atmospheric water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. JLH has a minimum spatial resolution of 25 meters and a detection range of 1 to 500 ppmv. It typically samples at 1 Hz and can provide measurements with a precision of 0.05 ppmv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) is an airborne radiometer developed by the Ames Atmospheric Radiation Group. It measures solar spectral irradiance in the troposphere. SSFR works within the 300-2150 nm wavelength range and offers a spectral resolution of 8-12 nm. It typically collects data at 1 Hz and has a radiometric accuracy of 3%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
The ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) is an airborne X-band radar designed to operate on the nose of the ER-2 aircraft. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width to characterize precipitation systems. EDOP operates at a 9.6 GHz frequency and provides data at a rate of 2 Hz. It has a typical gate spacing of 75 m and a beamwidth of 2.9 degrees. EDOP has been replaced by the EXRAD radar.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Configurable Scanning Submillimeter-wave Instrument/Radiometer (CoSSIR) is an airborne imaging radiometer designed to measure ice clouds. It measures brightness temperature across 16 channels in the 183-874 GHz range. These measurements can determine ice cloud properties, water vapor profiles, and snowfall rates. CoSSIR has a surface footprint of 1.5 km at nadir at an altitude of 20 km. It has a scan cycle of 4.6 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) is an airborne passive radiometer that measures broadband solar irradiance. RAMS includes two radiometers: the Total Solar Broadband Radiometer (TSBR) and the Fractional Solar Broadband Radiometer (FSBR). The TSBR operates in the 0.224 to 3.91 μm range, while the FSBR operates between 0.68 and 3.3 μm. It has a response time of approximately 60 milliseconds and can provide measurements every 5 meters for aircraft speeds around 75 m/s. RAMS is primarily used for airborne operations but can also be used to collect ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Observations of Aerosols above Clouds and their Interactions
2016—2018
Southeastern Atlantic Ocean, Southern Africa
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 8 Data Products| 2016-08-19 | 2016-10-27 |
| 2017-08-01 | 2017-09-04 |
| 2018-09-21 | 2018-10-27 |
The Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolariMetric Imager (AirMSPI) is a passive remote sensing, airborne pushbroom camera developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) along with engineers from the University of Arizona and the University of Texas. AirMSPI operates across eight spectral bands (355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, 935 nm) to deliver multiangle radiance and linear polarization imagery, which can be used to determine aerosol and cloud microphysical properties. AirMSPI has a spatial resolution ranging from 10 to 25 meters, depending on the scan mode, and typically captures images at a rate of 23 Hz. It was designed to be mounted on the nose of NASA’s ER-2 aircraft and has been used in several aerosol and cloud research missions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Ultraviolet Wavelengths > Ultraviolet Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
The Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) is an airborne, passive polarimeter developed by SpecTIR Corporation. It measures total radiance and linear polarization across nine spectral bands in the visible and infrared wavelengths (410-2250 nm). These measurements can be used to determine aerosol and cloud properties. RSP has a time resolution of 0.8 seconds, a field of view of 14 mrad, and a horizontal resolution of approximately 100 meters at an altitude of 5 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Forward Scatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Droplet Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Asymmetry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Top Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
The High Spectral Resolution Lidar 2 (HSRL-2) is an airborne lidar developed by NASA's Langley Research Center. HSRL-2 measures aerosol backscatter at 355, 532, and 1064 nm wavelengths and aerosol extinction at 355 and 532 nm wavelengths. It has a horizontal resolution of 1-2 km and a vertical resolution of 15 m, with measurements taken approximately every 0.5 seconds. It replaced the original High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness > Angstrom Exponent
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
The Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) is an airborne cross-track scanning spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at NASA Ames Research Center. eMAS captures high-resolution imagery of cloud and surface features, which can be used to develop and test algorithms for MODIS satellite observations. It operates across 38 spectral channels covering wavelengths from 0.445 to 14.1 µm and has a scan rate of 6.25 Hz. eMAS offers a spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of 37.25 kilometers at an altitude of 20 kilometers.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) is an airborne radiometer developed by the Ames Atmospheric Radiation Group. It measures solar spectral irradiance in the troposphere. SSFR works within the 300-2150 nm wavelength range and offers a spectral resolution of 8-12 nm. It typically collects data at 1 Hz and has a radiometric accuracy of 3%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality
2019
Northwestern and Southeastern US
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 27 Data Products| 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-05 |
GEOstationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Airborne Simulator (GCAS) is an airborne push-broom instrument with two spectrometers. It was developed by the Radiometric Calibration and Flight Development Laboratory at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) as a simulator for the GEO-CAPE mission. The first spectrometer in GCAS operates in the ultraviolet to visible (300-490 nm) range for air quality observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), formaldehyde (HCHO), and other trace gases. The second spectrometer operates in the visible to near-infrared (480-900 nm) range to provide measurements of ocean color. GCAS has a typical spatial resolution of 250m across track and 500m along track at an altitude of 9 km, with a frame rate of 12 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Ocean Color
The Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolariMetric Imager (AirMSPI) is a passive remote sensing, airborne pushbroom camera developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) along with engineers from the University of Arizona and the University of Texas. AirMSPI operates across eight spectral bands (355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, 935 nm) to deliver multiangle radiance and linear polarization imagery, which can be used to determine aerosol and cloud microphysical properties. AirMSPI has a spatial resolution ranging from 10 to 25 meters, depending on the scan mode, and typically captures images at a rate of 23 Hz. It was designed to be mounted on the nose of NASA’s ER-2 aircraft and has been used in several aerosol and cloud research missions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Ultraviolet Wavelengths > Ultraviolet Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
The NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Interferometer (NAST-I) is an airborne infrared interferometer operated and maintained by NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy to measure brightness temperature and radiance. NAST-I operates within the spectral range of 3.7-16.1 µm and has a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm-1. It features a spatial resolution of 2.6 km and a cross-track swath width of 46 km at a flight altitude of 20 km. A complete scan cycle for NAST-I takes approximately 12.2 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Atmospheric Temperature Indices
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) is an airborne cross-track scanning spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at NASA Ames Research Center. eMAS captures high-resolution imagery of cloud and surface features, which can be used to develop and test algorithms for MODIS satellite observations. It operates across 38 spectral channels covering wavelengths from 0.445 to 14.1 µm and has a scan rate of 6.25 Hz. eMAS offers a spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of 37.25 kilometers at an altitude of 20 kilometers.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Hyperspectral Thermal Emissions Spectrometer (HyTES) is an airborne pushbroom imaging spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It was designed to support the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) missions and has been used in several research missions since 2012. HyTES offers high spatial and spectral resolution measurements of brightness temperature, emissivity, and land surface temperature. It operates across 256 spectral channels between 7.5 and 12 µm wavelengths and has an integration time of 30 ms. HyTES has a horizontal resolution of 7 m and a swath width of 3.6 km at a flight altitude of 4 km. HyTES was funded through NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program (IIP).
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Emissivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys
2013
North America including portions of Canada, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 20 Data Products| 2013-08-01 | 2013-09-23 |
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) is an airborne, passive polarimeter developed by SpecTIR Corporation. It measures total radiance and linear polarization across nine spectral bands in the visible and infrared wavelengths (410-2250 nm). These measurements can be used to determine aerosol and cloud properties. RSP has a time resolution of 0.8 seconds, a field of view of 14 mrad, and a horizontal resolution of approximately 100 meters at an altitude of 5 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Forward Scatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Droplet Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Asymmetry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Top Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
The Picarro gas concentration analyzer is an in situ airborne or ground-based sensor manufactured by Picarro, Inc. It uses Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) to measure trace gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and water vapor. For carbon dioxide measurements, the laser within Picarro operates at 1603 nm wavelength, while 1651 nm wavelength is used for methane and water vapor measurements. Picarro has a typical sampling time of 2.5 seconds. Depending on the model, Picarro can also provide measurements of carbon isotopes for gas concentrations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Ammonia
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Broadband Radiometers (BBR) are modified versions of the Kipp & Zonen CM-22 pyranometers and CG-4 pyrgeometers. They have been adapted for use on airborne platforms through different instrument housing and signal amplification. BBR measures solar irradiance in the 0.2-3.6 μm wavelength range and infrared (IR) irradiance in the 4.5-42 μm range. These measurements can be used to derive net irradiance, radiative forcing, absorption, and albedo. It has a typical sampling rate of 1 Hz and a hemispheric field of view.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Absorption
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Forcing
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Albedo
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) is an airborne radiometer developed by the Ames Atmospheric Radiation Group. It measures solar spectral irradiance in the troposphere. SSFR works within the 300-2150 nm wavelength range and offers a spectral resolution of 8-12 nm. It typically collects data at 1 Hz and has a radiometric accuracy of 3%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
The Whole Air Sampler (WAS) is an airborne in-situ instrument that collects air samples for analyzing trace gases, such as nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halocarbons, alkyl nitrates, and various sulfur compounds found in the troposphere. Air samples collected by the WAS are then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the gases present. The WAS collects samples every minute, allowing scientists to get a clear picture of the environment's chemical composition as research aircraft pass through.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Non-methane Hydrocarbons/volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Dimethyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Halocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Carbonyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It can also be deployed on balloons. It uses mid-infrared (3.4–8 μm) absorption spectroscopy to measure atmospheric gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). ALIAS has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a time resolution of 3 seconds or less.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Stable Isotopes
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) is an airborne cross-track scanning spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at NASA Ames Research Center. eMAS captures high-resolution imagery of cloud and surface features, which can be used to develop and test algorithms for MODIS satellite observations. It operates across 38 spectral channels covering wavelengths from 0.445 to 14.1 µm and has a scan rate of 6.25 Hz. eMAS offers a spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of 37.25 kilometers at an altitude of 20 kilometers.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Harvard Water Vapor (HWV) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at Harvard University that measures water vapor mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. HWV includes two instruments with different methods for detecting water vapor: the Lyman-α photo-fragment fluorescence instrument (LyA) and a tunable diode laser direct absorption instrument (HHH -Harvard Herriott Hygrometer). By combining both instruments, HWV can identify and reduce systematic errors during flight. It provides measurements of water vapor mixing ratio from 1 to 1000 ppmv at 1 Hz and with an accuracy of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It uses a tunable diode laser operating at 1.37 μm to measure atmospheric water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. JLH has a minimum spatial resolution of 25 meters and a detection range of 1 to 500 ppmv. It typically samples at 1 Hz and can provide measurements with a precision of 0.05 ppmv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Fast Cloud Droplet Probe (FCDP) is an in situ airborne cloud probe manufactured by SPEC Inc. The FCDP measures the concentration and size of cloud droplets by detecting light scattered by particles. It detects particles with diameters ranging from 1.5 to 50 microns and typically records measurements at 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Droplet Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolariMetric Imager (AirMSPI) is a passive remote sensing, airborne pushbroom camera developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) along with engineers from the University of Arizona and the University of Texas. AirMSPI operates across eight spectral bands (355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, 935 nm) to deliver multiangle radiance and linear polarization imagery, which can be used to determine aerosol and cloud microphysical properties. AirMSPI has a spatial resolution ranging from 10 to 25 meters, depending on the scan mode, and typically captures images at a rate of 23 Hz. It was designed to be mounted on the nose of NASA’s ER-2 aircraft and has been used in several aerosol and cloud research missions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Ultraviolet Wavelengths > Ultraviolet Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
RADEX
Radar Definition Experiment
2014—2015
Southeastern United States, North Carolina (NC); Olympic Peninsula, Washington (WA) State
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 30 Data Products| 2014-05-01 | 2014-06-15 |
| 2015-11-09 | 2015-12-15 |
The Conical Scanning Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSMIR) is an airborne imaging radiometer designed to validate the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) instrument. CoSMIR operates across nine spectral channels in the 50-183 GHz range to measure microwave brightness temperature. It has a surface footprint resolution of 1.4 km by 1.4 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. CoSMIR can perform both conical and cross-tracking scanning.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Microwave Radiance
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The ER-2 X-Band Doppler Radar (EXRAD) is a dual-beam, X-band radar mounted on NASA’s ER-2 aircraft. It was initially intended to be used on the Global Hawk but was instead developed for the ER-2 to replace the ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP). EXRAD measures backscatter to determine radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and linear depolarization ratio. These measurements help to analyze the phase, orientation, size, and other properties of precipitation particles. EXRAD operates at 9.6 GHz and has a range resolution between 37.5 and 300 meters. It has a swath width of 28 km at an altitude of 20 km during scanning mode, with a typical sampling frequency of 0.25 seconds.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The High-Altitude Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) is an airborne Ka- and Ku-band, dual-beam Doppler radar system. It measures radar reflectivity and 3-D wind fields within clouds and precipitation, making it ideal for research missions into hurricanes and severe storms. It was designed to operate at higher altitudes (~ 20 km) than previous airborne wind profilers, allowing for a better vertical profile of the troposphere. HIWRAP has a range resolution of 150 m and operates at the following frequencies: 13.5 GHz, 13.9 GHz, 33.7 GHz, and 35.6 GHz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
RADEX
Radar Definition Experiment
2014—2015
Southeastern United States, North Carolina (NC); Olympic Peninsula, Washington (WA) State
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 30 Data Products| 2014-05-01 | 2014-06-15 |
| 2015-11-09 | 2015-12-15 |
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolariMetric Imager (AirMSPI) is a passive remote sensing, airborne pushbroom camera developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) along with engineers from the University of Arizona and the University of Texas. AirMSPI operates across eight spectral bands (355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, 935 nm) to deliver multiangle radiance and linear polarization imagery, which can be used to determine aerosol and cloud microphysical properties. AirMSPI has a spatial resolution ranging from 10 to 25 meters, depending on the scan mode, and typically captures images at a rate of 23 Hz. It was designed to be mounted on the nose of NASA’s ER-2 aircraft and has been used in several aerosol and cloud research missions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Ultraviolet Wavelengths > Ultraviolet Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
The ER-2 X-Band Doppler Radar (EXRAD) is a dual-beam, X-band radar mounted on NASA’s ER-2 aircraft. It was initially intended to be used on the Global Hawk but was instead developed for the ER-2 to replace the ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP). EXRAD measures backscatter to determine radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and linear depolarization ratio. These measurements help to analyze the phase, orientation, size, and other properties of precipitation particles. EXRAD operates at 9.6 GHz and has a range resolution between 37.5 and 300 meters. It has a swath width of 28 km at an altitude of 20 km during scanning mode, with a typical sampling frequency of 0.25 seconds.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The High-Altitude Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) is an airborne Ka- and Ku-band, dual-beam Doppler radar system. It measures radar reflectivity and 3-D wind fields within clouds and precipitation, making it ideal for research missions into hurricanes and severe storms. It was designed to operate at higher altitudes (~ 20 km) than previous airborne wind profilers, allowing for a better vertical profile of the troposphere. HIWRAP has a range resolution of 150 m and operates at the following frequencies: 13.5 GHz, 13.9 GHz, 33.7 GHz, and 35.6 GHz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) is an airborne cross-track scanning spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at NASA Ames Research Center. eMAS captures high-resolution imagery of cloud and surface features, which can be used to develop and test algorithms for MODIS satellite observations. It operates across 38 spectral channels covering wavelengths from 0.445 to 14.1 µm and has a scan rate of 6.25 Hz. eMAS offers a spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of 37.25 kilometers at an altitude of 20 kilometers.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites
2001
Chesapeake Bay, Atlantic Ocean
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 5 Data Products| 2001-06-29 | 2001-08-02 |
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Airborne Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (AirMISR) is a passive remote sensor with a pushbroom design, developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). AirMISR captures visible and infrared images similar to those from the MISR instrument on the Terra satellite. It gathers data using a single camera at nine viewing angles and operates in four spectral bands: 443 nm, 555 nm, 670 nm, and 865 nm. AirMISR has approximately an 11 km swath width and an instantaneous field of view of 7 m x 6 m at nadir. It is usually flown on the NASA ER-2 aircraft due to its high operating altitude of 20 km.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Land Surface > Topography
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Convection and Moisture Experiment
1993—2001
US Atlantic coast, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 70 Data Products| 1993-09-07 | 1993-10-08 |
| 1995-08-23 | 1995-09-02 |
| 1998-08-04 | 1998-09-30 |
| 2001-08-03 | 2001-09-28 |
The ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) is an airborne X-band radar designed to operate on the nose of the ER-2 aircraft. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width to characterize precipitation systems. EDOP operates at a 9.6 GHz frequency and provides data at a rate of 2 Hz. It has a typical gate spacing of 75 m and a beamwidth of 2.9 degrees. EDOP has been replaced by the EXRAD radar.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sounder (MAMS) is an airborne multispectral scanner developed by modifying NASA’s Thematic Mapping Sensor (TMS). MAMS captures reflected radiances in eight visible/near-infrared (VNIR) bands and thermal emissions in four infrared bands. It was built to study weather-related phenomena such as storm system structure, cloud-top temperature, and upper atmospheric water vapor. MAMS operates within the 0.42-12.56 μm spectral range over 12 channels. It has a horizontal resolution of 100 meters and a swath width of approximately 37 kilometers at a flight altitude of 20 kilometers. MAMS scans at a rate of 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Millimeter-Wave Temperature Sounder (MTS) was an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It consisted of two radiometers that measure brightness temperature for precipitation and atmospheric temperature profiling. One radiometer was an eight-channel scanning spectrometer centered on the 118.75 GHz oxygen line. It had a 7.5-degree beamwidth and an integration time of 224 ms per spot, resulting in a 0.5 K resolution. The second radiometer was a single-channel nadir-viewing system operating from 52 to 56 GHz with a 10-degree beamwidth. MTS was replaced by the NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed Microwave Radiometer (NAST-M).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Convection and Moisture Experiment
1993—2001
US Atlantic coast, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 70 Data Products| 1993-09-07 | 1993-10-08 |
| 1995-08-23 | 1995-09-02 |
| 1998-08-04 | 1998-09-30 |
| 2001-08-03 | 2001-09-28 |
The ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) is an airborne X-band radar designed to operate on the nose of the ER-2 aircraft. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width to characterize precipitation systems. EDOP operates at a 9.6 GHz frequency and provides data at a rate of 2 Hz. It has a typical gate spacing of 75 m and a beamwidth of 2.9 degrees. EDOP has been replaced by the EXRAD radar.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sounder (MAMS) is an airborne multispectral scanner developed by modifying NASA’s Thematic Mapping Sensor (TMS). MAMS captures reflected radiances in eight visible/near-infrared (VNIR) bands and thermal emissions in four infrared bands. It was built to study weather-related phenomena such as storm system structure, cloud-top temperature, and upper atmospheric water vapor. MAMS operates within the 0.42-12.56 μm spectral range over 12 channels. It has a horizontal resolution of 100 meters and a swath width of approximately 37 kilometers at a flight altitude of 20 kilometers. MAMS scans at a rate of 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Convection and Moisture Experiment
1993—2001
US Atlantic coast, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 70 Data Products| 1993-09-07 | 1993-10-08 |
| 1995-08-23 | 1995-09-02 |
| 1998-08-04 | 1998-09-30 |
| 2001-08-03 | 2001-09-28 |
The ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) is an airborne X-band radar designed to operate on the nose of the ER-2 aircraft. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width to characterize precipitation systems. EDOP operates at a 9.6 GHz frequency and provides data at a rate of 2 Hz. It has a typical gate spacing of 75 m and a beamwidth of 2.9 degrees. EDOP has been replaced by the EXRAD radar.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Microwave (NAST-M) is an airborne microwave radiometer operated by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It measures brightness temperature, which can be used to retrieve water vapor profiles in the atmosphere. It consists of two radiometers: one operating across eight channels between 50-57 GHz and the other across nine at 118 GHz. In 2003, NAST-M was upgraded with two additional radiometers at 183 and 425 GHz to enhance water vapor retrievals and detect small hydrometeors. NAST-M has a spatial resolution of 2.6 km and a cross-track swath width of 100 km at a flight altitude of 20 km. Its typical integration time is 100 ms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sounder (MAMS) is an airborne multispectral scanner developed by modifying NASA’s Thematic Mapping Sensor (TMS). MAMS captures reflected radiances in eight visible/near-infrared (VNIR) bands and thermal emissions in four infrared bands. It was built to study weather-related phenomena such as storm system structure, cloud-top temperature, and upper atmospheric water vapor. MAMS operates within the 0.42-12.56 μm spectral range over 12 channels. It has a horizontal resolution of 100 meters and a swath width of approximately 37 kilometers at a flight altitude of 20 kilometers. MAMS scans at a rate of 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Interferometer (NAST-I) is an airborne infrared interferometer operated and maintained by NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy to measure brightness temperature and radiance. NAST-I operates within the spectral range of 3.7-16.1 µm and has a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm-1. It features a spatial resolution of 2.6 km and a cross-track swath width of 46 km at a flight altitude of 20 km. A complete scan cycle for NAST-I takes approximately 12.2 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Atmospheric Temperature Indices
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Convection and Moisture Experiment
1993—2001
US Atlantic coast, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 70 Data Products| 1993-09-07 | 1993-10-08 |
| 1995-08-23 | 1995-09-02 |
| 1998-08-04 | 1998-09-30 |
| 2001-08-03 | 2001-09-28 |
The ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) is an airborne X-band radar designed to operate on the nose of the ER-2 aircraft. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width to characterize precipitation systems. EDOP operates at a 9.6 GHz frequency and provides data at a rate of 2 Hz. It has a typical gate spacing of 75 m and a beamwidth of 2.9 degrees. EDOP has been replaced by the EXRAD radar.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The High Altitude Monolithic Microwave integrated Circuit (MMIC) Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) is an airborne microwave sounder developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory through the NASA Instrument Incubator Program. HAMSR measures brightness temperature, which can be used to derive three-dimensional profiles of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water in the atmosphere. It operates across 25 spectral channels in three microwave bands (50-60 GHz, 118 GHz, 183 GHz) and has a sampling frequency of 5 seconds. HAMSR has a horizontal spatial resolution of 2 km at nadir and a field of view of approximately 40 km at an altitude of 20 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Absolute Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Dropsondes, also known as dropwindsondes, are in situ instruments designed to be released from aircraft. They are equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and sensors to collect profile measurements of pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. Dropsondes are important during field investigations because they enable researchers to collect vertical profiles in remote locations and during severe weather conditions. Typically, dropsondes have a vertical resolution of 5 meters and provide wind speed and direction measurements every 0.25 seconds, while temperature, pressure, and humidity are recorded every 0.5 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The Lyman-alpha Hygrometer is an in situ hygrometer designed for deployment on airborne or ground-based platforms. It measures water vapor absorption at the Lyman-alpha wavelength (121.6 nm) of atomic hydrogen to determine the total water content in the atmosphere. It has a detection limit of 0.1 ppmv and a typical data acquisition rate of 1 second. The Lyman-alpha hygrometer provides water vapor measurements with an accuracy of 6% and a precision of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
CO2 and Methane Experiment
2014—2015
Southern California
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 5 Data Products| 2014-08-18 | 2014-09-10 |
| 2014-05-04 | 2014-07-05 |
| 2015-08-19 | 2015-08-19 |
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Enhanced Shortwave Experiment
1995—2000
Southern Great Plains, Southwestern United States
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 1 Data Product| 1995-09-22 | 1995-11-01 |
| 2000-02-21 | 2000-04-05 |
The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Total Solar Broadband Radiometer (TSBR) is a ground-based or airborne radiometer operated by the Department of Energy (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. It measures total solar irradiance across wavelengths from 0.224 to 3.91 μm. TSBR uses electrically calibrated pyroelectric detectors and has a hemispherical field of view. It usually operates as part of the Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) instrument package alongside the Fractional Solar Broadband Radiometer (FSBR).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance > Shortwave Downward Irradiance
The Total Direct Diffuse Radiometer (TDDR) is a passive radiometer that measures solar irradiance. It can be used for airborne and ground-based operations. TDDR measures total and diffuse irradiance by rotating a shadow arm before the radiometer. These measurements can be used to calculate the direct solar irradiance. TDDR operates across the 0.38-1.6 μm spectral range with a 0.01 μm bandwidth.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Fractional Solar Broadband Radiometer (FSBR) is an airborne broadband radiometer that is typically utilized as part of the Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) instrument suite. It measures fractional downwelling shortwave radiation. FSBR covers a portion of the near-infrared spectrum between 0.68 and 3.3 µm and has a data frequency of 9 Hz. FSBR can be deployed on ground-based platforms as well and is a complementary instrument to the Total Solar Broadband Radiometer (TSBR).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Heat Budget > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
The Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) is an airborne passive radiometer that measures broadband solar irradiance. RAMS includes two radiometers: the Total Solar Broadband Radiometer (TSBR) and the Fractional Solar Broadband Radiometer (FSBR). The TSBR operates in the 0.224 to 3.91 μm range, while the FSBR operates between 0.68 and 3.3 μm. It has a response time of approximately 60 milliseconds and can provide measurements every 5 meters for aircraft speeds around 75 m/s. RAMS is primarily used for airborne operations but can also be used to collect ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Video cameras capture video recordings of various phenomena for research purposes. They are used on aircraft to provide continuous views of weather and terrain below the flight path. Video cameras are also employed to verify the aircraft's flight track. Additionally, they are deployed at field sites to monitor changes in vegetation, land cover, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other Earth science phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
GOES-R Post Launch Test
2017
Continental United States
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 19 Data Products| 2017-03-21 | 2017-05-17 |
The Fly’s Eye GLM Simulator (FEGS) is an instrument that was designed to provide validation for Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) on the GOES-16 satellite. It was designed to fly aboard NASA’s ER-2 aircraft. The instrument measures the optical radiance emitted by lightning.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
GEOstationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Airborne Simulator (GCAS) is an airborne push-broom instrument with two spectrometers. It was developed by the Radiometric Calibration and Flight Development Laboratory at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) as a simulator for the GEO-CAPE mission. The first spectrometer in GCAS operates in the ultraviolet to visible (300-490 nm) range for air quality observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), formaldehyde (HCHO), and other trace gases. The second spectrometer operates in the visible to near-infrared (480-900 nm) range to provide measurements of ocean color. GCAS has a typical spatial resolution of 250m across track and 500m along track at an altitude of 9 km, with a frame rate of 12 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Ocean Color
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The ER-2 X-Band Doppler Radar (EXRAD) is a dual-beam, X-band radar mounted on NASA’s ER-2 aircraft. It was initially intended to be used on the Global Hawk but was instead developed for the ER-2 to replace the ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP). EXRAD measures backscatter to determine radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and linear depolarization ratio. These measurements help to analyze the phase, orientation, size, and other properties of precipitation particles. EXRAD operates at 9.6 GHz and has a range resolution between 37.5 and 300 meters. It has a swath width of 28 km at an altitude of 20 km during scanning mode, with a typical sampling frequency of 0.25 seconds.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer—Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) is an airborne imaging spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It captures visible and infrared imagery primarily used for terrestrial ecology research. It operates between 380 and 2510 nm at a spectral resolution of 5 nm. It has a horizontal resolution of 8 m and a swath width of 4 km at an altitude of 8 km. Its measurement frequency is 100 Hz. It was designed to replace the AVIRIS Classic (AVIRIS-C).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
CalWater
2015
California, Sierra Nevada Range
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2015-01-12 | 2015-03-08 |
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolariMetric Imager (AirMSPI) is a passive remote sensing, airborne pushbroom camera developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) along with engineers from the University of Arizona and the University of Texas. AirMSPI operates across eight spectral bands (355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, 935 nm) to deliver multiangle radiance and linear polarization imagery, which can be used to determine aerosol and cloud microphysical properties. AirMSPI has a spatial resolution ranging from 10 to 25 meters, depending on the scan mode, and typically captures images at a rate of 23 Hz. It was designed to be mounted on the nose of NASA’s ER-2 aircraft and has been used in several aerosol and cloud research missions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Ultraviolet Wavelengths > Ultraviolet Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The High Altitude Monolithic Microwave integrated Circuit (MMIC) Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) is an airborne microwave sounder developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory through the NASA Instrument Incubator Program. HAMSR measures brightness temperature, which can be used to derive three-dimensional profiles of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water in the atmosphere. It operates across 25 spectral channels in three microwave bands (50-60 GHz, 118 GHz, 183 GHz) and has a sampling frequency of 5 seconds. HAMSR has a horizontal spatial resolution of 2 km at nadir and a field of view of approximately 40 km at an altitude of 20 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Absolute Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition
1988—1992
Arctic
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 1988-12-15 | 1989-02-21 |
| 1991-08-20 | 1992-03-26 |
Argus is a two-channel, tunable diode laser instrument developed at NASA Ames Research Center. It collects in situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) in the atmosphere using second harmonic spectroscopy. Argus operates in the mid-infrared range (3.3 and 4.7 micrometers) and has an accuracy of about 3% for data rates between 0.1 and 0.5 Hz. Its lightweight and compact design makes it ideal for small payload platforms such as balloons and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It can also be deployed on balloons. It uses mid-infrared (3.4–8 μm) absorption spectroscopy to measure atmospheric gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). ALIAS has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a time resolution of 3 seconds or less.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Stable Isotopes
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
The Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS) is an in situ spectrometer developed by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It can be used on both airborne and ground-based platforms to measure aerosol size distribution and concentration. UHSAS determines particle size by detecting the peak light signals from aerosol particles illuminated by a 1054 nm laser. It can sample particles in the 60–1000 nm size range and operates at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Whole Air Sampler (WAS) is an airborne in-situ instrument that collects air samples for analyzing trace gases, such as nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halocarbons, alkyl nitrates, and various sulfur compounds found in the troposphere. Air samples collected by the WAS are then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the gases present. The WAS collects samples every minute, allowing scientists to get a clear picture of the environment's chemical composition as research aircraft pass through.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Non-methane Hydrocarbons/volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Dimethyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Halocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Carbonyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The NOAA Frost Point Hygrometer (FPH) is a balloon-borne sensor that collects profile measurements of atmospheric water vapor. It employs the chilled-mirror principle to determine the frost or dew point temperature up to 28 km in the atmosphere. FPH takes measurements with a vertical resolution of 5-10 m and a temporal resolution of 1-2 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Dew Point Temperature
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The Focused Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer (FCAS) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter developed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. FCAS detects light scattered by individual aerosol particles to determine their size distribution. It can detect aerosol particles ranging from 0.06 to 2 μm in size and operate at altitudes up to 20 km. Typically, FCAS provides measurements every 10 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Multiple Axis Resonance Fluorescence Chemical Conversion Detector for ClO and BrO (ClO/BrO) is an in situ airborne analyzer operated by Harvard University. It provides measurements of chlorine monoxide (ClO) and bromine monoxide (BrO) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ClO and BrO are converted to chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br) through the addition of nitric oxide (NO) in the sample air. Cl and Br concentrations are detected through resonance scattering in the vacuum ultraviolet (119 nm) to determine ClO and BrO concentrations. ClO/BrO has a detection limit greater than 1 pptv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Bromine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
The Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (ACATS) was an in situ airborne four-channel gas chromatograph. It used electron capture detection (ECD) to measure various halocarbons and trace gases in the stratosphere. Measurements are provided every 125 or 250 seconds, depending on the gas species. ACATS is now retired and has been replaced by the Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Carbon Tetrachloride
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorofluorocarbons
First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment
1986—1998
Central and Midwest United States, California Coast, Northwest Africa, Alaska
view all deployment dates
5 Deployments
· 131 Data Products| 1991-11-13 | 1991-12-07 |
| 1992-06-01 | 1992-06-25 |
| 1998-04-08 | 1998-07-30 |
| 1986-10-13 | 1986-11-02 |
| 1987-06-30 | 1987-07-19 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Generic-Radiation Sensors (Gen-Radiation) refer to non-specific instruments used to measure atmospheric radiation. These are typically passive sensors that detect radiation within the atmosphere. Measurements can include shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, solar irradiance, and solar radiation.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
The Thematic Mapper Simulator (TMS) is an airborne imaging spectrometer designed to simulate the Landsat Thematic Mapper. It captures radiance measurements and imagery for mapping vegetation and land cover. TMS operates across ten spectral channels in the visible and near-infrared spectrum (0.42-2.35 μm) and two in the thermal infrared range (8.5-14 μm). It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 25 m and a swath width of 15.6 km at an altitude of 19.8 km. TMS has a scan rate of 12.5 scans per second and a total field of view of 42.5 degrees.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Reflectance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Multichannel Cloud Radiometer (MCR) is an airborne passive radiometer originally developed by Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) before transferring to NCAR’s Research Aviation Facility (RAF). It operates across seven channels (0.640-10.9 μm) to measure radiance in the visible, near-infrared, and thermal infrared. These measurements are used for the retrieval of cloud properties such as cloud optical depth, cloud droplet sizes, cloud phase, and cloud temperature. MCR has a field of view of 0.007 radians and a data sampling rate of 5000 samples per second.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment
1986—1998
Central and Midwest United States, California Coast, Northwest Africa, Alaska
view all deployment dates
5 Deployments
· 131 Data Products| 1991-11-13 | 1991-12-07 |
| 1992-06-01 | 1992-06-25 |
| 1998-04-08 | 1998-07-30 |
| 1986-10-13 | 1986-11-02 |
| 1987-06-30 | 1987-07-19 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
A pyranometer is a ground-based or airborne radiation sensor that measures solar irradiance across a hemispherical field of view. It detects the amount of solar energy reaching the surface, capturing both direct and diffuse sunlight. Pyranometers operate within a spectral range of 280-3000 nm. They are most commonly used for solar monitoring, climate research, weather forecasting, agriculture, and energy management.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment
1986—1998
Central and Midwest United States, California Coast, Northwest Africa, Alaska
view all deployment dates
5 Deployments
· 131 Data Products| 1991-11-13 | 1991-12-07 |
| 1992-06-01 | 1992-06-25 |
| 1998-04-08 | 1998-07-30 |
| 1986-10-13 | 1986-11-02 |
| 1987-06-30 | 1987-07-19 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Video cameras capture video recordings of various phenomena for research purposes. They are used on aircraft to provide continuous views of weather and terrain below the flight path. Video cameras are also employed to verify the aircraft's flight track. Additionally, they are deployed at field sites to monitor changes in vegetation, land cover, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other Earth science phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
A pyranometer is a ground-based or airborne radiation sensor that measures solar irradiance across a hemispherical field of view. It detects the amount of solar energy reaching the surface, capturing both direct and diffuse sunlight. Pyranometers operate within a spectral range of 280-3000 nm. They are most commonly used for solar monitoring, climate research, weather forecasting, agriculture, and energy management.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment
1986—1998
Central and Midwest United States, California Coast, Northwest Africa, Alaska
view all deployment dates
5 Deployments
· 131 Data Products| 1991-11-13 | 1991-12-07 |
| 1992-06-01 | 1992-06-25 |
| 1998-04-08 | 1998-07-30 |
| 1986-10-13 | 1986-11-02 |
| 1987-06-30 | 1987-07-19 |
The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Airborne Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (AirMISR) is a passive remote sensor with a pushbroom design, developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). AirMISR captures visible and infrared images similar to those from the MISR instrument on the Terra satellite. It gathers data using a single camera at nine viewing angles and operates in four spectral bands: 443 nm, 555 nm, 670 nm, and 865 nm. AirMISR has approximately an 11 km swath width and an instantaneous field of view of 7 m x 6 m at nadir. It is usually flown on the NASA ER-2 aircraft due to its high operating altitude of 20 km.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Land Surface > Topography
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) is an airborne radiometer developed by the Ames Atmospheric Radiation Group. It measures solar spectral irradiance in the troposphere. SSFR works within the 300-2150 nm wavelength range and offers a spectral resolution of 8-12 nm. It typically collects data at 1 Hz and has a radiometric accuracy of 3%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms
2020—2023
Eastern United States
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 66 Data Products| 2020-01-17 | 2020-03-01 |
| 2022-01-08 | 2022-02-28 |
| 2023-01-13 | 2023-03-02 |
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The ER-2 X-Band Doppler Radar (EXRAD) is a dual-beam, X-band radar mounted on NASA’s ER-2 aircraft. It was initially intended to be used on the Global Hawk but was instead developed for the ER-2 to replace the ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP). EXRAD measures backscatter to determine radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and linear depolarization ratio. These measurements help to analyze the phase, orientation, size, and other properties of precipitation particles. EXRAD operates at 9.6 GHz and has a range resolution between 37.5 and 300 meters. It has a swath width of 28 km at an altitude of 20 km during scanning mode, with a typical sampling frequency of 0.25 seconds.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The High-Altitude Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) is an airborne Ka- and Ku-band, dual-beam Doppler radar system. It measures radar reflectivity and 3-D wind fields within clouds and precipitation, making it ideal for research missions into hurricanes and severe storms. It was designed to operate at higher altitudes (~ 20 km) than previous airborne wind profilers, allowing for a better vertical profile of the troposphere. HIWRAP has a range resolution of 150 m and operates at the following frequencies: 13.5 GHz, 13.9 GHz, 33.7 GHz, and 35.6 GHz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Configurable Scanning Submillimeter-wave Instrument/Radiometer (CoSSIR) is an airborne imaging radiometer designed to measure ice clouds. It measures brightness temperature across 16 channels in the 183-874 GHz range. These measurements can determine ice cloud properties, water vapor profiles, and snowfall rates. CoSSIR has a surface footprint of 1.5 km at nadir at an altitude of 20 km. It has a scan cycle of 4.6 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
PROVE
Prototype Validation Exercise
1997
Jornada Experimental Range near Las Cruces, New Mexico
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 4 Data Products| 1997-05-20 | 1997-05-30 |
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Digital cameras are used to provide imagery for research applications. Cameras are used on aircraft to collect aerial imagery for mapping and surveying, environmental monitoring, cloud observations, agriculture, geological studies, and other Earth science applications. They are also used at field sites to capture visual observations to monitor changes in land cover, vegetation, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
HyspIRI Airborne
Hyperspectral Infrared Imager Preparatory Airborne Campaign
2013—2018
Southern California, Western Nevada, Hawaii
view all deployment dates
15 Deployments
· 16 Data Products| 2013-03-26 | 2013-04-19 |
| 2013-05-02 | 2013-06-26 |
| 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-05 |
| 2014-03-31 | 2014-05-07 |
| 2014-05-28 | 2014-06-13 |
| 2014-08-18 | 2014-08-29 |
| 2014-09-19 | 2014-11-24 |
| 2015-04-16 | 2015-05-05 |
| 2015-05-28 | 2015-06-11 |
| 2015-08-24 | 2015-10-26 |
| 2016-06-09 | 2016-06-21 |
| 2017-01-17 | 2017-03-03 |
| 2017-06-07 | 2017-06-28 |
| 2018-01-11 | 2018-02-20 |
| 2018-06-19 | 2018-09-06 |
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
HyspIRI Airborne
Hyperspectral Infrared Imager Preparatory Airborne Campaign
2013—2018
Southern California, Western Nevada, Hawaii
view all deployment dates
15 Deployments
· 16 Data Products| 2013-03-26 | 2013-04-19 |
| 2013-05-02 | 2013-06-26 |
| 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-05 |
| 2014-03-31 | 2014-05-07 |
| 2014-05-28 | 2014-06-13 |
| 2014-08-18 | 2014-08-29 |
| 2014-09-19 | 2014-11-24 |
| 2015-04-16 | 2015-05-05 |
| 2015-05-28 | 2015-06-11 |
| 2015-08-24 | 2015-10-26 |
| 2016-06-09 | 2016-06-21 |
| 2017-01-17 | 2017-03-03 |
| 2017-06-07 | 2017-06-28 |
| 2018-01-11 | 2018-02-20 |
| 2018-06-19 | 2018-09-06 |
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Hyperspectral Thermal Emissions Spectrometer (HyTES) is an airborne pushbroom imaging spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It was designed to support the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) missions and has been used in several research missions since 2012. HyTES offers high spatial and spectral resolution measurements of brightness temperature, emissivity, and land surface temperature. It operates across 256 spectral channels between 7.5 and 12 µm wavelengths and has an integration time of 30 ms. HyTES has a horizontal resolution of 7 m and a swath width of 3.6 km at a flight altitude of 4 km. HyTES was funded through NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program (IIP).
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Emissivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
The Portable Remote Imaging Spectrometer (PRISM) is an airborne push-broom spectrometer developed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). PRISM was designed to provide the necessary spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution to characterize events in coastal zones that satellite observations cannot offer. The spectrometer within PRISM operates in the near-ultraviolet to near-infrared range (350-1050 nm) to capture imagery over coastal ocean regions. PRISM also includes a two-channel radiometer operating in the shortwave infrared (1240 and 1640 nm) wavelengths to deliver accurate ocean color measurements. It features a high temporal resolution (167 Hz) and can fly below cloud cover at various altitudes, enabling it to resolve spatial features down to 30 cm.
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Reflectance
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Ocean Color
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Chlorophyll
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Radiance
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
HyspIRI Airborne
Hyperspectral Infrared Imager Preparatory Airborne Campaign
2013—2018
Southern California, Western Nevada, Hawaii
view all deployment dates
15 Deployments
· 16 Data Products| 2013-03-26 | 2013-04-19 |
| 2013-05-02 | 2013-06-26 |
| 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-05 |
| 2014-03-31 | 2014-05-07 |
| 2014-05-28 | 2014-06-13 |
| 2014-08-18 | 2014-08-29 |
| 2014-09-19 | 2014-11-24 |
| 2015-04-16 | 2015-05-05 |
| 2015-05-28 | 2015-06-11 |
| 2015-08-24 | 2015-10-26 |
| 2016-06-09 | 2016-06-21 |
| 2017-01-17 | 2017-03-03 |
| 2017-06-07 | 2017-06-28 |
| 2018-01-11 | 2018-02-20 |
| 2018-06-19 | 2018-09-06 |
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Hyperspectral Thermal Emissions Spectrometer (HyTES) is an airborne pushbroom imaging spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It was designed to support the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) missions and has been used in several research missions since 2012. HyTES offers high spatial and spectral resolution measurements of brightness temperature, emissivity, and land surface temperature. It operates across 256 spectral channels between 7.5 and 12 µm wavelengths and has an integration time of 30 ms. HyTES has a horizontal resolution of 7 m and a swath width of 3.6 km at a flight altitude of 4 km. HyTES was funded through NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program (IIP).
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Emissivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition
1992—1993
Western United States
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 1992-10-10 | 1992-11-21 |
| 1993-04-15 | 1993-05-19 |
| 1993-10-15 | 1993-10-26 |
The Composition and Photodissociative Flux Measurement (CPFM) is an in situ airborne spectroradiometer used for the measurement of direct and scattered solar irradiance. It is based on a holographic, diffraction grating, and a 1024-element photodiode array detector. It measures the solar flux on a horizontal surface and the limb and apparent brightness below the flight level. CPFM operates in the 300-770 nm wavelength range. CPFM has also been used for ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It can also be deployed on balloons. It uses mid-infrared (3.4–8 μm) absorption spectroscopy to measure atmospheric gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). ALIAS has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a time resolution of 3 seconds or less.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Stable Isotopes
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (ATLAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by NASA. ATLAS uses second-harmonic absorption spectrometry to measure trace gases in the lower stratosphere, such as nitrous oxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The laser inside ATLAS is tuned to the infrared absorption band of the target gas and is frequency modulated at 2 kHz, with second-harmonic detection happening at 4 kHz. ATLAS provides measurements with a time resolution of 1 second and a spatial resolution of about 200 meters when deployed on the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer (Harvard CO2) is an in situ airborne spectrometer operated by Harvard University. It measures carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations using a modified nondispersive infrared CO2 analyzer. CO2 mixing ratios are determined by measuring absorption at 4.26 μm. Harvard CO2 has a measurement sampling rate of 0.5 Hz and a precision of 0.05 ppm. Harvard is typically deployed on high-altitude aircraft like the ER-2, but it has been used for balloon-borne measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Lyman-alpha Hygrometer is an in situ hygrometer designed for deployment on airborne or ground-based platforms. It measures water vapor absorption at the Lyman-alpha wavelength (121.6 nm) of atomic hydrogen to determine the total water content in the atmosphere. It has a detection limit of 0.1 ppmv and a typical data acquisition rate of 1 second. The Lyman-alpha hygrometer provides water vapor measurements with an accuracy of 6% and a precision of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment (HOx) is an in situ laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor developed by Harvard University. It uses LIF centered at 309 nm to measure hydroxyl radical (OH). The OH is then converted into its first electronic state using a tunable ultraviolet laser near 282 nm. The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is measured as OH after chemical titration with nitric oxide. HOx has a short integration time of less than 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroxyl
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroperoxy
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Multiple Axis Resonance Fluorescence Chemical Conversion Detector for ClO and BrO (ClO/BrO) is an in situ airborne analyzer operated by Harvard University. It provides measurements of chlorine monoxide (ClO) and bromine monoxide (BrO) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ClO and BrO are converted to chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br) through the addition of nitric oxide (NO) in the sample air. Cl and Br concentrations are detected through resonance scattering in the vacuum ultraviolet (119 nm) to determine ClO and BrO concentrations. ClO/BrO has a detection limit greater than 1 pptv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Bromine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter initially developed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It determines particle size distribution by measuring the light intensity scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles ranging from 0.5 to 47 μm in diameter. It functions at a wavelength of 633 nm and typically samples at a rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
The Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (ACATS) was an in situ airborne four-channel gas chromatograph. It used electron capture detection (ECD) to measure various halocarbons and trace gases in the stratosphere. Measurements are provided every 125 or 250 seconds, depending on the gas species. ACATS is now retired and has been replaced by the Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Carbon Tetrachloride
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorofluorocarbons
Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition
1992—1993
Western United States
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 1992-10-10 | 1992-11-21 |
| 1993-04-15 | 1993-05-19 |
| 1993-10-15 | 1993-10-26 |
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It can also be deployed on balloons. It uses mid-infrared (3.4–8 μm) absorption spectroscopy to measure atmospheric gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). ALIAS has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a time resolution of 3 seconds or less.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Stable Isotopes
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (ATLAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by NASA. ATLAS uses second-harmonic absorption spectrometry to measure trace gases in the lower stratosphere, such as nitrous oxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The laser inside ATLAS is tuned to the infrared absorption band of the target gas and is frequency modulated at 2 kHz, with second-harmonic detection happening at 4 kHz. ATLAS provides measurements with a time resolution of 1 second and a spatial resolution of about 200 meters when deployed on the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer (Harvard CO2) is an in situ airborne spectrometer operated by Harvard University. It measures carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations using a modified nondispersive infrared CO2 analyzer. CO2 mixing ratios are determined by measuring absorption at 4.26 μm. Harvard CO2 has a measurement sampling rate of 0.5 Hz and a precision of 0.05 ppm. Harvard is typically deployed on high-altitude aircraft like the ER-2, but it has been used for balloon-borne measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Lyman-alpha Hygrometer is an in situ hygrometer designed for deployment on airborne or ground-based platforms. It measures water vapor absorption at the Lyman-alpha wavelength (121.6 nm) of atomic hydrogen to determine the total water content in the atmosphere. It has a detection limit of 0.1 ppmv and a typical data acquisition rate of 1 second. The Lyman-alpha hygrometer provides water vapor measurements with an accuracy of 6% and a precision of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms
2020—2023
Eastern United States
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 66 Data Products| 2020-01-17 | 2020-03-01 |
| 2022-01-08 | 2022-02-28 |
| 2023-01-13 | 2023-03-02 |
The Conical Scanning Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSMIR) is an airborne imaging radiometer designed to validate the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) instrument. CoSMIR operates across nine spectral channels in the 50-183 GHz range to measure microwave brightness temperature. It has a surface footprint resolution of 1.4 km by 1.4 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. CoSMIR can perform both conical and cross-tracking scanning.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Microwave Radiance
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The ER-2 X-Band Doppler Radar (EXRAD) is a dual-beam, X-band radar mounted on NASA’s ER-2 aircraft. It was initially intended to be used on the Global Hawk but was instead developed for the ER-2 to replace the ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP). EXRAD measures backscatter to determine radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and linear depolarization ratio. These measurements help to analyze the phase, orientation, size, and other properties of precipitation particles. EXRAD operates at 9.6 GHz and has a range resolution between 37.5 and 300 meters. It has a swath width of 28 km at an altitude of 20 km during scanning mode, with a typical sampling frequency of 0.25 seconds.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The High-Altitude Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) is an airborne Ka- and Ku-band, dual-beam Doppler radar system. It measures radar reflectivity and 3-D wind fields within clouds and precipitation, making it ideal for research missions into hurricanes and severe storms. It was designed to operate at higher altitudes (~ 20 km) than previous airborne wind profilers, allowing for a better vertical profile of the troposphere. HIWRAP has a range resolution of 150 m and operates at the following frequencies: 13.5 GHz, 13.9 GHz, 33.7 GHz, and 35.6 GHz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
WDTS
Western Diversity Time Series
2020—2026
Southern California, Nevada, Pacific Ocean
Ongoing
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 6 Data Products| 2020-09-17 | 2020-10-15 |
| 2021-02-09 | 2021-04-02 |
| 2022-09-02 | 2022-09-09 |
| 2023-03-31 | 2023-05-02 |
| 2024-06-04 | 2024-06-28 |
| 2025-05-27 | 2025-07-17 |
The Pushbroom Imager for Cloud and Aerosol Research and Development (PICARD) is an airborne imaging spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at Ames Research Center (ARC) with science and management support from Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It provides visible near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagery to support atmospheric research and validate satellite retrievals. PICARD operates across 205 spectral bands over a wavelength range of 400-2500 nm. It has a pixel spatial resolution of 5- 50 m and a swath width of 2-16 km, depending on altitude. PICARD has a frame rate of 6.25-100 Hz, depending on integration time, and a field of view of 50 degrees.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Hyperspectral Thermal Emissions Spectrometer (HyTES) is an airborne pushbroom imaging spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It was designed to support the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) missions and has been used in several research missions since 2012. HyTES offers high spatial and spectral resolution measurements of brightness temperature, emissivity, and land surface temperature. It operates across 256 spectral channels between 7.5 and 12 µm wavelengths and has an integration time of 30 ms. HyTES has a horizontal resolution of 7 m and a swath width of 3.6 km at a flight altitude of 4 km. HyTES was funded through NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program (IIP).
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Emissivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
WDTS
Western Diversity Time Series
2020—2026
Southern California, Nevada, Pacific Ocean
Ongoing
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 6 Data Products| 2020-09-17 | 2020-10-15 |
| 2021-02-09 | 2021-04-02 |
| 2022-09-02 | 2022-09-09 |
| 2023-03-31 | 2023-05-02 |
| 2024-06-04 | 2024-06-28 |
| 2025-05-27 | 2025-07-17 |
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
WDTS
Western Diversity Time Series
2020—2026
Southern California, Nevada, Pacific Ocean
Ongoing
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 6 Data Products| 2020-09-17 | 2020-10-15 |
| 2021-02-09 | 2021-04-02 |
| 2022-09-02 | 2022-09-09 |
| 2023-03-31 | 2023-05-02 |
| 2024-06-04 | 2024-06-28 |
| 2025-05-27 | 2025-07-17 |
The Pushbroom Imager for Cloud and Aerosol Research and Development (PICARD) is an airborne imaging spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at Ames Research Center (ARC) with science and management support from Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It provides visible near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagery to support atmospheric research and validate satellite retrievals. PICARD operates across 205 spectral bands over a wavelength range of 400-2500 nm. It has a pixel spatial resolution of 5- 50 m and a swath width of 2-16 km, depending on altitude. PICARD has a frame rate of 6.25-100 Hz, depending on integration time, and a field of view of 50 degrees.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
HySpex Mjolnir V-1240 is a hyperspectral imaging system developed by HySpex, NEO. It is specifically designed to operate on uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) but has also been used on the NASA ER-2 aircraft. It can be configured for ground-based operations as well. The system captures visible and near-infrared imagery across 200 bands in a wavelength range of 400 to 1000 nm at a spectral resolution of 3 nm. It has a field of view of 20 degrees and a pixel resolution of 1240. The device weighs less than 4 kg and has a power consumption of less than 50 W.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Hyperspectral Thermal Emissions Spectrometer (HyTES) is an airborne pushbroom imaging spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It was designed to support the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) missions and has been used in several research missions since 2012. HyTES offers high spatial and spectral resolution measurements of brightness temperature, emissivity, and land surface temperature. It operates across 256 spectral channels between 7.5 and 12 µm wavelengths and has an integration time of 30 ms. HyTES has a horizontal resolution of 7 m and a swath width of 3.6 km at a flight altitude of 4 km. HyTES was funded through NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program (IIP).
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Emissivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
WDTS
Western Diversity Time Series
2020—2026
Southern California, Nevada, Pacific Ocean
Ongoing
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 6 Data Products| 2020-09-17 | 2020-10-15 |
| 2021-02-09 | 2021-04-02 |
| 2022-09-02 | 2022-09-09 |
| 2023-03-31 | 2023-05-02 |
| 2024-06-04 | 2024-06-28 |
| 2025-05-27 | 2025-07-17 |
The Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolariMetric Imager (AirMSPI) is a passive remote sensing, airborne pushbroom camera developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) along with engineers from the University of Arizona and the University of Texas. AirMSPI operates across eight spectral bands (355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, 935 nm) to deliver multiangle radiance and linear polarization imagery, which can be used to determine aerosol and cloud microphysical properties. AirMSPI has a spatial resolution ranging from 10 to 25 meters, depending on the scan mode, and typically captures images at a rate of 23 Hz. It was designed to be mounted on the nose of NASA’s ER-2 aircraft and has been used in several aerosol and cloud research missions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Ultraviolet Wavelengths > Ultraviolet Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Pushbroom Imager for Cloud and Aerosol Research and Development (PICARD) is an airborne imaging spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at Ames Research Center (ARC) with science and management support from Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It provides visible near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagery to support atmospheric research and validate satellite retrievals. PICARD operates across 205 spectral bands over a wavelength range of 400-2500 nm. It has a pixel spatial resolution of 5- 50 m and a swath width of 2-16 km, depending on altitude. PICARD has a frame rate of 6.25-100 Hz, depending on integration time, and a field of view of 50 degrees.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport
1995—1996
Pacific Ocean, Moffett Field, California, Barbers Point Naval Air Station, Hawaii
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 9 Data Products| 1995-04-25 | 1995-05-21 |
| 1995-10-16 | 1995-11-10 |
| 1996-01-25 | 1996-02-16 |
| 1996-07-10 | 1996-08-11 |
| 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-25 |
| 1996-12-01 | 1996-12-20 |
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Whole Air Sampler (WAS) is an airborne in-situ instrument that collects air samples for analyzing trace gases, such as nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halocarbons, alkyl nitrates, and various sulfur compounds found in the troposphere. Air samples collected by the WAS are then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the gases present. The WAS collects samples every minute, allowing scientists to get a clear picture of the environment's chemical composition as research aircraft pass through.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Non-methane Hydrocarbons/volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Dimethyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Halocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Carbonyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (ATLAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by NASA. ATLAS uses second-harmonic absorption spectrometry to measure trace gases in the lower stratosphere, such as nitrous oxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The laser inside ATLAS is tuned to the infrared absorption band of the target gas and is frequency modulated at 2 kHz, with second-harmonic detection happening at 4 kHz. ATLAS provides measurements with a time resolution of 1 second and a spatial resolution of about 200 meters when deployed on the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer (Harvard CO2) is an in situ airborne spectrometer operated by Harvard University. It measures carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations using a modified nondispersive infrared CO2 analyzer. CO2 mixing ratios are determined by measuring absorption at 4.26 μm. Harvard CO2 has a measurement sampling rate of 0.5 Hz and a precision of 0.05 ppm. Harvard is typically deployed on high-altitude aircraft like the ER-2, but it has been used for balloon-borne measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment (HOx) is an in situ laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor developed by Harvard University. It uses LIF centered at 309 nm to measure hydroxyl radical (OH). The OH is then converted into its first electronic state using a tunable ultraviolet laser near 282 nm. The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is measured as OH after chemical titration with nitric oxide. HOx has a short integration time of less than 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroxyl
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroperoxy
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport
1995—1996
Pacific Ocean, Moffett Field, California, Barbers Point Naval Air Station, Hawaii
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 9 Data Products| 1995-04-25 | 1995-05-21 |
| 1995-10-16 | 1995-11-10 |
| 1996-01-25 | 1996-02-16 |
| 1996-07-10 | 1996-08-11 |
| 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-25 |
| 1996-12-01 | 1996-12-20 |
The Composition and Photodissociative Flux Measurement (CPFM) is an in situ airborne spectroradiometer used for the measurement of direct and scattered solar irradiance. It is based on a holographic, diffraction grating, and a 1024-element photodiode array detector. It measures the solar flux on a horizontal surface and the limb and apparent brightness below the flight level. CPFM operates in the 300-770 nm wavelength range. CPFM has also been used for ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It can also be deployed on balloons. It uses mid-infrared (3.4–8 μm) absorption spectroscopy to measure atmospheric gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). ALIAS has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a time resolution of 3 seconds or less.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Stable Isotopes
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Focused Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer (FCAS) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter developed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. FCAS detects light scattered by individual aerosol particles to determine their size distribution. It can detect aerosol particles ranging from 0.06 to 2 μm in size and operate at altitudes up to 20 km. Typically, FCAS provides measurements every 10 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (ATLAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by NASA. ATLAS uses second-harmonic absorption spectrometry to measure trace gases in the lower stratosphere, such as nitrous oxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The laser inside ATLAS is tuned to the infrared absorption band of the target gas and is frequency modulated at 2 kHz, with second-harmonic detection happening at 4 kHz. ATLAS provides measurements with a time resolution of 1 second and a spatial resolution of about 200 meters when deployed on the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer (Harvard CO2) is an in situ airborne spectrometer operated by Harvard University. It measures carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations using a modified nondispersive infrared CO2 analyzer. CO2 mixing ratios are determined by measuring absorption at 4.26 μm. Harvard CO2 has a measurement sampling rate of 0.5 Hz and a precision of 0.05 ppm. Harvard is typically deployed on high-altitude aircraft like the ER-2, but it has been used for balloon-borne measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment (HOx) is an in situ laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor developed by Harvard University. It uses LIF centered at 309 nm to measure hydroxyl radical (OH). The OH is then converted into its first electronic state using a tunable ultraviolet laser near 282 nm. The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is measured as OH after chemical titration with nitric oxide. HOx has a short integration time of less than 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroxyl
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroperoxy
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (ACATS) was an in situ airborne four-channel gas chromatograph. It used electron capture detection (ECD) to measure various halocarbons and trace gases in the stratosphere. Measurements are provided every 125 or 250 seconds, depending on the gas species. ACATS is now retired and has been replaced by the Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Carbon Tetrachloride
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorofluorocarbons
Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport
1995—1996
Pacific Ocean, Moffett Field, California, Barbers Point Naval Air Station, Hawaii
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 9 Data Products| 1995-04-25 | 1995-05-21 |
| 1995-10-16 | 1995-11-10 |
| 1996-01-25 | 1996-02-16 |
| 1996-07-10 | 1996-08-11 |
| 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-25 |
| 1996-12-01 | 1996-12-20 |
The Composition and Photodissociative Flux Measurement (CPFM) is an in situ airborne spectroradiometer used for the measurement of direct and scattered solar irradiance. It is based on a holographic, diffraction grating, and a 1024-element photodiode array detector. It measures the solar flux on a horizontal surface and the limb and apparent brightness below the flight level. CPFM operates in the 300-770 nm wavelength range. CPFM has also been used for ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It can also be deployed on balloons. It uses mid-infrared (3.4–8 μm) absorption spectroscopy to measure atmospheric gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). ALIAS has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a time resolution of 3 seconds or less.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Stable Isotopes
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Whole Air Sampler (WAS) is an airborne in-situ instrument that collects air samples for analyzing trace gases, such as nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halocarbons, alkyl nitrates, and various sulfur compounds found in the troposphere. Air samples collected by the WAS are then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the gases present. The WAS collects samples every minute, allowing scientists to get a clear picture of the environment's chemical composition as research aircraft pass through.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Non-methane Hydrocarbons/volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Dimethyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Halocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Carbonyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Focused Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer (FCAS) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter developed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. FCAS detects light scattered by individual aerosol particles to determine their size distribution. It can detect aerosol particles ranging from 0.06 to 2 μm in size and operate at altitudes up to 20 km. Typically, FCAS provides measurements every 10 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer (Harvard CO2) is an in situ airborne spectrometer operated by Harvard University. It measures carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations using a modified nondispersive infrared CO2 analyzer. CO2 mixing ratios are determined by measuring absorption at 4.26 μm. Harvard CO2 has a measurement sampling rate of 0.5 Hz and a precision of 0.05 ppm. Harvard is typically deployed on high-altitude aircraft like the ER-2, but it has been used for balloon-borne measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment (HOx) is an in situ laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor developed by Harvard University. It uses LIF centered at 309 nm to measure hydroxyl radical (OH). The OH is then converted into its first electronic state using a tunable ultraviolet laser near 282 nm. The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is measured as OH after chemical titration with nitric oxide. HOx has a short integration time of less than 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroxyl
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroperoxy
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (ACATS) was an in situ airborne four-channel gas chromatograph. It used electron capture detection (ECD) to measure various halocarbons and trace gases in the stratosphere. Measurements are provided every 125 or 250 seconds, depending on the gas species. ACATS is now retired and has been replaced by the Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Carbon Tetrachloride
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorofluorocarbons
Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport
1995—1996
Pacific Ocean, Moffett Field, California, Barbers Point Naval Air Station, Hawaii
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 9 Data Products| 1995-04-25 | 1995-05-21 |
| 1995-10-16 | 1995-11-10 |
| 1996-01-25 | 1996-02-16 |
| 1996-07-10 | 1996-08-11 |
| 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-25 |
| 1996-12-01 | 1996-12-20 |
The Composition and Photodissociative Flux Measurement (CPFM) is an in situ airborne spectroradiometer used for the measurement of direct and scattered solar irradiance. It is based on a holographic, diffraction grating, and a 1024-element photodiode array detector. It measures the solar flux on a horizontal surface and the limb and apparent brightness below the flight level. CPFM operates in the 300-770 nm wavelength range. CPFM has also been used for ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It can also be deployed on balloons. It uses mid-infrared (3.4–8 μm) absorption spectroscopy to measure atmospheric gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). ALIAS has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a time resolution of 3 seconds or less.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Stable Isotopes
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Whole Air Sampler (WAS) is an airborne in-situ instrument that collects air samples for analyzing trace gases, such as nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halocarbons, alkyl nitrates, and various sulfur compounds found in the troposphere. Air samples collected by the WAS are then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the gases present. The WAS collects samples every minute, allowing scientists to get a clear picture of the environment's chemical composition as research aircraft pass through.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Non-methane Hydrocarbons/volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Dimethyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Halocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Carbonyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Focused Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer (FCAS) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter developed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. FCAS detects light scattered by individual aerosol particles to determine their size distribution. It can detect aerosol particles ranging from 0.06 to 2 μm in size and operate at altitudes up to 20 km. Typically, FCAS provides measurements every 10 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (ATLAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by NASA. ATLAS uses second-harmonic absorption spectrometry to measure trace gases in the lower stratosphere, such as nitrous oxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The laser inside ATLAS is tuned to the infrared absorption band of the target gas and is frequency modulated at 2 kHz, with second-harmonic detection happening at 4 kHz. ATLAS provides measurements with a time resolution of 1 second and a spatial resolution of about 200 meters when deployed on the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer (Harvard CO2) is an in situ airborne spectrometer operated by Harvard University. It measures carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations using a modified nondispersive infrared CO2 analyzer. CO2 mixing ratios are determined by measuring absorption at 4.26 μm. Harvard CO2 has a measurement sampling rate of 0.5 Hz and a precision of 0.05 ppm. Harvard is typically deployed on high-altitude aircraft like the ER-2, but it has been used for balloon-borne measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment (HOx) is an in situ laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor developed by Harvard University. It uses LIF centered at 309 nm to measure hydroxyl radical (OH). The OH is then converted into its first electronic state using a tunable ultraviolet laser near 282 nm. The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is measured as OH after chemical titration with nitric oxide. HOx has a short integration time of less than 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroxyl
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroperoxy
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (ACATS) was an in situ airborne four-channel gas chromatograph. It used electron capture detection (ECD) to measure various halocarbons and trace gases in the stratosphere. Measurements are provided every 125 or 250 seconds, depending on the gas species. ACATS is now retired and has been replaced by the Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Carbon Tetrachloride
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorofluorocarbons
Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment
1987
Antarctica
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 1987-08-17 | 1987-10-04 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
The Multiple Axis Resonance Fluorescence Chemical Conversion Detector for ClO and BrO (ClO/BrO) is an in situ airborne analyzer operated by Harvard University. It provides measurements of chlorine monoxide (ClO) and bromine monoxide (BrO) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ClO and BrO are converted to chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br) through the addition of nitric oxide (NO) in the sample air. Cl and Br concentrations are detected through resonance scattering in the vacuum ultraviolet (119 nm) to determine ClO and BrO concentrations. ClO/BrO has a detection limit greater than 1 pptv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Bromine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Whole Air Sampler (WAS) is an airborne in-situ instrument that collects air samples for analyzing trace gases, such as nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halocarbons, alkyl nitrates, and various sulfur compounds found in the troposphere. Air samples collected by the WAS are then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the gases present. The WAS collects samples every minute, allowing scientists to get a clear picture of the environment's chemical composition as research aircraft pass through.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Non-methane Hydrocarbons/volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Dimethyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Halocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Carbonyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (ATLAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by NASA. ATLAS uses second-harmonic absorption spectrometry to measure trace gases in the lower stratosphere, such as nitrous oxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The laser inside ATLAS is tuned to the infrared absorption band of the target gas and is frequency modulated at 2 kHz, with second-harmonic detection happening at 4 kHz. ATLAS provides measurements with a time resolution of 1 second and a spatial resolution of about 200 meters when deployed on the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Lyman-alpha Hygrometer is an in situ hygrometer designed for deployment on airborne or ground-based platforms. It measures water vapor absorption at the Lyman-alpha wavelength (121.6 nm) of atomic hydrogen to determine the total water content in the atmosphere. It has a detection limit of 0.1 ppmv and a typical data acquisition rate of 1 second. The Lyman-alpha hygrometer provides water vapor measurements with an accuracy of 6% and a precision of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The NOAA Frost Point Hygrometer (FPH) is a balloon-borne sensor that collects profile measurements of atmospheric water vapor. It employs the chilled-mirror principle to determine the frost or dew point temperature up to 28 km in the atmosphere. FPH takes measurements with a vertical resolution of 5-10 m and a temporal resolution of 1-2 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Dew Point Temperature
Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter initially developed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It determines particle size distribution by measuring the light intensity scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles ranging from 0.5 to 47 μm in diameter. It functions at a wavelength of 633 nm and typically samples at a rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
TOST
The Observing system Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Observing System Test
2003
Pacific Ocean, California, Hawaii (PTOST)
Atlantic Ocean, Eastern United States, Canada (ATOST)
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2003-02-15 | 2003-03-14 |
| 2003-11-06 | 2003-12-17 |
The NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Microwave (NAST-M) is an airborne microwave radiometer operated by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It measures brightness temperature, which can be used to retrieve water vapor profiles in the atmosphere. It consists of two radiometers: one operating across eight channels between 50-57 GHz and the other across nine at 118 GHz. In 2003, NAST-M was upgraded with two additional radiometers at 183 and 425 GHz to enhance water vapor retrievals and detect small hydrometeors. NAST-M has a spatial resolution of 2.6 km and a cross-track swath width of 100 km at a flight altitude of 20 km. Its typical integration time is 100 ms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Interferometer (NAST-I) is an airborne infrared interferometer operated and maintained by NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy to measure brightness temperature and radiance. NAST-I operates within the spectral range of 3.7-16.1 µm and has a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm-1. It features a spatial resolution of 2.6 km and a cross-track swath width of 46 km at a flight altitude of 20 km. A complete scan cycle for NAST-I takes approximately 12.2 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Atmospheric Temperature Indices
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Video cameras capture video recordings of various phenomena for research purposes. They are used on aircraft to provide continuous views of weather and terrain below the flight path. Video cameras are also employed to verify the aircraft's flight track. Additionally, they are deployed at field sites to monitor changes in vegetation, land cover, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other Earth science phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
ASTEX
Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment
1992
Azores and Madeira islands
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 61 Data Products| 1992-06-04 | 1992-06-27 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Video cameras capture video recordings of various phenomena for research purposes. They are used on aircraft to provide continuous views of weather and terrain below the flight path. Video cameras are also employed to verify the aircraft's flight track. Additionally, they are deployed at field sites to monitor changes in vegetation, land cover, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other Earth science phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
A pyranometer is a ground-based or airborne radiation sensor that measures solar irradiance across a hemispherical field of view. It detects the amount of solar energy reaching the surface, capturing both direct and diffuse sunlight. Pyranometers operate within a spectral range of 280-3000 nm. They are most commonly used for solar monitoring, climate research, weather forecasting, agriculture, and energy management.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
SMEX
Soil Moisture Experiment
2002—2005
Iowa, Oklahoma, Georgia, Alabama, Arizona, Sonora, Mexico
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2005-06-10 | 2005-07-08 |
| 2004-07-20 | 2004-08-26 |
| 2002-06-15 | 2002-07-23 |
| 2003-06-16 | 2003-07-21 |
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Smoke/Sulfates, Clouds, and Radiation
1993—1995
Mid-Atlantic, Pacific Northwest, Central Brazil
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3 Deployments
· 6 Data Products| 1993-07-12 | 1993-07-29 |
| 1994-09-19 | 1994-10-07 |
| 1995-08-13 | 1995-09-20 |
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
SUbsonic aircraft: Contrail & Clouds Effects Special Study
1996
Central and Western United States
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1 Deployment
· 1 Data Product| 1996-04-02 | 1996-05-15 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
Digital cameras are used to provide imagery for research applications. Cameras are used on aircraft to collect aerial imagery for mapping and surveying, environmental monitoring, cloud observations, agriculture, geological studies, and other Earth science applications. They are also used at field sites to capture visual observations to monitor changes in land cover, vegetation, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) is an airborne passive radiometer that measures broadband solar irradiance. RAMS includes two radiometers: the Total Solar Broadband Radiometer (TSBR) and the Fractional Solar Broadband Radiometer (FSBR). The TSBR operates in the 0.224 to 3.91 μm range, while the FSBR operates between 0.68 and 3.3 μm. It has a response time of approximately 60 milliseconds and can provide measurements every 5 meters for aircraft speeds around 75 m/s. RAMS is primarily used for airborne operations but can also be used to collect ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition
1988—1992
Arctic
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 1988-12-15 | 1989-02-21 |
| 1991-08-20 | 1992-03-26 |
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Whole Air Sampler (WAS) is an airborne in-situ instrument that collects air samples for analyzing trace gases, such as nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halocarbons, alkyl nitrates, and various sulfur compounds found in the troposphere. Air samples collected by the WAS are then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the gases present. The WAS collects samples every minute, allowing scientists to get a clear picture of the environment's chemical composition as research aircraft pass through.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Non-methane Hydrocarbons/volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Dimethyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Halocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Carbonyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (ATLAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by NASA. ATLAS uses second-harmonic absorption spectrometry to measure trace gases in the lower stratosphere, such as nitrous oxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The laser inside ATLAS is tuned to the infrared absorption band of the target gas and is frequency modulated at 2 kHz, with second-harmonic detection happening at 4 kHz. ATLAS provides measurements with a time resolution of 1 second and a spatial resolution of about 200 meters when deployed on the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The NOAA Frost Point Hygrometer (FPH) is a balloon-borne sensor that collects profile measurements of atmospheric water vapor. It employs the chilled-mirror principle to determine the frost or dew point temperature up to 28 km in the atmosphere. FPH takes measurements with a vertical resolution of 5-10 m and a temporal resolution of 1-2 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Dew Point Temperature
The Aerosol/Cloud Particle Impactor/Replicator (ACIR) is an in situ airborne analyzer. It collects aerosol particles within the size range of 0.05-5 μm using Ames wire impactors. It can also be configured to collect cloud particles of sizes up to 500 μm using Formvar-coated glass rods. The Formvar replicator within the instrument provides measurements of the concentration, size, and shape of the collected particles at a spatial resolution of 20 meters at an aircraft speed of 200 meters per second. ACIR is typically used for measurements of cloud condensation nuclei, black carbon, and sulfate particles.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Carbonaceous Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Sulfate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Condensation Nuclei
The Multiple Axis Resonance Fluorescence Chemical Conversion Detector for ClO and BrO (ClO/BrO) is an in situ airborne analyzer operated by Harvard University. It provides measurements of chlorine monoxide (ClO) and bromine monoxide (BrO) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ClO and BrO are converted to chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br) through the addition of nitric oxide (NO) in the sample air. Cl and Br concentrations are detected through resonance scattering in the vacuum ultraviolet (119 nm) to determine ClO and BrO concentrations. ClO/BrO has a detection limit greater than 1 pptv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Bromine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter initially developed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It determines particle size distribution by measuring the light intensity scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles ranging from 0.5 to 47 μm in diameter. It functions at a wavelength of 633 nm and typically samples at a rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
GSFC Lidar Observation and Validation Experiment
2025
Southern California, Western United States, Pacific Ocean
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2025-02-03 | 2025-02-20 |
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) is an airborne cross-track scanning spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at NASA Ames Research Center. eMAS captures high-resolution imagery of cloud and surface features, which can be used to develop and test algorithms for MODIS satellite observations. It operates across 38 spectral channels covering wavelengths from 0.445 to 14.1 µm and has a scan rate of 6.25 Hz. eMAS offers a spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of 37.25 kilometers at an altitude of 20 kilometers.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
Roscoe is an airborne aerosol and cloud lidar system. It is a more compact version of the Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) developed by Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It was designed to observe both upwards and downwards from the aircraft to collect profile measurements of attenuated backscatter and aerosol/cloud optical properties. Roscoe operates at 355 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths and has a resolution of 200 m. It has a temporal resolution of 1 second.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment
1999—2003
Arctic, Kiruna, Sweden
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 32 Data Products| 1999-11-14 | 2000-03-20 |
| 2002-12-03 | 2003-02-06 |
The Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (ACATS) was an in situ airborne four-channel gas chromatograph. It used electron capture detection (ECD) to measure various halocarbons and trace gases in the stratosphere. Measurements are provided every 125 or 250 seconds, depending on the gas species. ACATS is now retired and has been replaced by the Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Carbon Tetrachloride
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorofluorocarbons
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Multiple-Angle Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (MASP) is an in situ airborne spectrometer. It measures the light intensity of scatter aerosol particles at 780 nm wavelength across multiple angles to determine particle size and concentration. It can detect particles within the 0.3 to 20 micron size range. MASP typically has a time resolution of 10 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Focused Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer (FCAS) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter developed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. FCAS detects light scattered by individual aerosol particles to determine their size distribution. It can detect aerosol particles ranging from 0.06 to 2 μm in size and operate at altitudes up to 20 km. Typically, FCAS provides measurements every 10 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer (Harvard CO2) is an in situ airborne spectrometer operated by Harvard University. It measures carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations using a modified nondispersive infrared CO2 analyzer. CO2 mixing ratios are determined by measuring absorption at 4.26 μm. Harvard CO2 has a measurement sampling rate of 0.5 Hz and a precision of 0.05 ppm. Harvard is typically deployed on high-altitude aircraft like the ER-2, but it has been used for balloon-borne measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Whole Air Sampler (WAS) is an airborne in-situ instrument that collects air samples for analyzing trace gases, such as nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halocarbons, alkyl nitrates, and various sulfur compounds found in the troposphere. Air samples collected by the WAS are then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the gases present. The WAS collects samples every minute, allowing scientists to get a clear picture of the environment's chemical composition as research aircraft pass through.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Non-methane Hydrocarbons/volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Dimethyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Halocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Carbonyl Sulfide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It can also be deployed on balloons. It uses mid-infrared (3.4–8 μm) absorption spectroscopy to measure atmospheric gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). ALIAS has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a time resolution of 3 seconds or less.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Stable Isotopes
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Nucleation-mode Aerosol Size Spectrometer (NMASS) is an airborne, in situ spectrometer used to measure particle size distribution and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). NMASS includes five parallel condensation nucleus counters (CNCs) that sample particles within the 3 to 60 nm diameter range. It can be mounted on various types of aircraft and is ideal for sampling cirrus clouds in the upper atmosphere. NMASS delivers rapid measurements with a temporal resolution of 10 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Harvard Water Vapor (HWV) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at Harvard University that measures water vapor mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. HWV includes two instruments with different methods for detecting water vapor: the Lyman-α photo-fragment fluorescence instrument (LyA) and a tunable diode laser direct absorption instrument (HHH -Harvard Herriott Hygrometer). By combining both instruments, HWV can identify and reduce systematic errors during flight. It provides measurements of water vapor mixing ratio from 1 to 1000 ppmv at 1 Hz and with an accuracy of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH) is an in situ airborne hygrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It uses a tunable diode laser operating at 1.37 μm to measure atmospheric water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. JLH has a minimum spatial resolution of 25 meters and a detection range of 1 to 500 ppmv. It typically samples at 1 Hz and can provide measurements with a precision of 0.05 ppmv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment (HOx) is an in situ laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor developed by Harvard University. It uses LIF centered at 309 nm to measure hydroxyl radical (OH). The OH is then converted into its first electronic state using a tunable ultraviolet laser near 282 nm. The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is measured as OH after chemical titration with nitric oxide. HOx has a short integration time of less than 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroxyl
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroperoxy
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Chlorine Nitrate Instrument (ClONO2) is an in situ airborne analyzer used for the detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), chlorine monoxide (ClO), bromine monoxide (BrO), and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2). It used laser-induced resonance fluorescence (LIF) at 585 nm for the direct detection of NO2. It provides NO2 measurements in 10-second intervals with an accuracy of approximately 10%. It uses thermal dissociation and ultraviolet (118.9 nm) resonance fluorescence for the detection of ClO, BrO, and ClONO2. It provides ClO and ClONO2 measurements in 35-second intervals with a detection limit of 3 pptv and 10 pptv, respectively.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Bromine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorine Nitrate
The Composition and Photodissociative Flux Measurement (CPFM) is an in situ airborne spectroradiometer used for the measurement of direct and scattered solar irradiance. It is based on a holographic, diffraction grating, and a 1024-element photodiode array detector. It measures the solar flux on a horizontal surface and the limb and apparent brightness below the flight level. CPFM operates in the 300-770 nm wavelength range. CPFM has also been used for ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Argus is a two-channel, tunable diode laser instrument developed at NASA Ames Research Center. It collects in situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) in the atmosphere using second harmonic spectroscopy. Argus operates in the mid-infrared range (3.3 and 4.7 micrometers) and has an accuracy of about 3% for data rates between 0.1 and 0.5 Hz. Its lightweight and compact design makes it ideal for small payload platforms such as balloons and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The CalTech Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (CIT-CIMS) is an in situ airborne single-mass spectrometer. CIT-CIMS uses CF3O-ion chemistry and compact time-of-flight and triple quadrupole spectrometers to measure specific atmospheric trace gases such as nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and sulfur dioxide. It was designed with rapid scan capabilities, enabling it to operate at a high temporal resolution (10 Hz) and detect a wide range of masses. CIT-CIMS is typically used for airborne observations but can also be employed for ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Hydrogen Cyanide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Sulfur Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Acid
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Smoke/Sulfates, Clouds, and Radiation
1993—1995
Mid-Atlantic, Pacific Northwest, Central Brazil
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 6 Data Products| 1993-07-12 | 1993-07-29 |
| 1994-09-19 | 1994-10-07 |
| 1995-08-13 | 1995-09-20 |
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Geological Earth Mapping Experiment
2023—2026
Southwestern United States, California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico
Ongoing
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 2 Data Products| 2025-05-23 | 2025-09-23 |
| 2023-04-25 | 2023-04-28 |
| 2023-08-28 | 2023-09-26 |
| 2024-04-02 | 2024-06-24 |
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Pushbroom Imager for Cloud and Aerosol Research and Development (PICARD) is an airborne imaging spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at Ames Research Center (ARC) with science and management support from Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It provides visible near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagery to support atmospheric research and validate satellite retrievals. PICARD operates across 205 spectral bands over a wavelength range of 400-2500 nm. It has a pixel spatial resolution of 5- 50 m and a swath width of 2-16 km, depending on altitude. PICARD has a frame rate of 6.25-100 Hz, depending on integration time, and a field of view of 50 degrees.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolariMetric Imager (AirMSPI) is a passive remote sensing, airborne pushbroom camera developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) along with engineers from the University of Arizona and the University of Texas. AirMSPI operates across eight spectral bands (355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, 935 nm) to deliver multiangle radiance and linear polarization imagery, which can be used to determine aerosol and cloud microphysical properties. AirMSPI has a spatial resolution ranging from 10 to 25 meters, depending on the scan mode, and typically captures images at a rate of 23 Hz. It was designed to be mounted on the nose of NASA’s ER-2 aircraft and has been used in several aerosol and cloud research missions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Ultraviolet Wavelengths > Ultraviolet Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
The Hyperspectral Thermal Emissions Spectrometer (HyTES) is an airborne pushbroom imaging spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It was designed to support the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) missions and has been used in several research missions since 2012. HyTES offers high spatial and spectral resolution measurements of brightness temperature, emissivity, and land surface temperature. It operates across 256 spectral channels between 7.5 and 12 µm wavelengths and has an integration time of 30 ms. HyTES has a horizontal resolution of 7 m and a swath width of 3.6 km at a flight altitude of 4 km. HyTES was funded through NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program (IIP).
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Emissivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Geological Earth Mapping Experiment
2023—2026
Southwestern United States, California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico
Ongoing
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 2 Data Products| 2025-05-23 | 2025-09-23 |
| 2023-04-25 | 2023-04-28 |
| 2023-08-28 | 2023-09-26 |
| 2024-04-02 | 2024-06-24 |
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Hyperspectral Thermal Emissions Spectrometer (HyTES) is an airborne pushbroom imaging spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It was designed to support the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) missions and has been used in several research missions since 2012. HyTES offers high spatial and spectral resolution measurements of brightness temperature, emissivity, and land surface temperature. It operates across 256 spectral channels between 7.5 and 12 µm wavelengths and has an integration time of 30 ms. HyTES has a horizontal resolution of 7 m and a swath width of 3.6 km at a flight altitude of 4 km. HyTES was funded through NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program (IIP).
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Emissivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Airborne Lightning Observatory for FEGS and TGFs
2023
Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Central America, Caribbean Sea
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 5 Data Products| 2023-07-01 | 2023-07-30 |
The Fly’s Eye GLM Simulator (FEGS) is an instrument that was designed to provide validation for Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) on the GOES-16 satellite. It was designed to fly aboard NASA’s ER-2 aircraft. The instrument measures the optical radiance emitted by lightning.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
This description will be added in a future version.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Gamma Ray
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The University of Bergen Bismuth-Germanium-Oxide (UIB-BGO) detector is an in-situ airborne gamma ray sensor. It consists of three BGO scintillator bars, each connected to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and a small LYSO detector to measure high fluxes of gamma rays. UIB-BGO is primarily used to study terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGF) within thunderstorms. The detector has a time resolution of 27 nanoseconds and covers an energy range of 300 keV to about 40 MeV.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Gamma Ray
The ER-2 X-Band Doppler Radar (EXRAD) is a dual-beam, X-band radar mounted on NASA’s ER-2 aircraft. It was initially intended to be used on the Global Hawk but was instead developed for the ER-2 to replace the ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP). EXRAD measures backscatter to determine radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and linear depolarization ratio. These measurements help to analyze the phase, orientation, size, and other properties of precipitation particles. EXRAD operates at 9.6 GHz and has a range resolution between 37.5 and 300 meters. It has a swath width of 28 km at an altitude of 20 km during scanning mode, with a typical sampling frequency of 0.25 seconds.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Configurable Scanning Submillimeter-wave Instrument/Radiometer (CoSSIR) is an airborne imaging radiometer designed to measure ice clouds. It measures brightness temperature across 16 channels in the 183-874 GHz range. These measurements can determine ice cloud properties, water vapor profiles, and snowfall rates. CoSSIR has a surface footprint of 1.5 km at nadir at an altitude of 20 km. It has a scan cycle of 4.6 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The Electric Field Change Meter (EFCM) is an airborne in situ electric meter. It uses a two-channel (fast and slow) antenna system to measure electric field changes caused by lightning. The fast channel samples at 10 MHz and detects the radiative component of lightning discharges. The slow channel samples at 1 MHz and observes the electrostatic field component. The EFCM operates across a frequency range of 1 Hz to 100 kHz and has a detection radius of 25 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport
1995—1996
Pacific Ocean, Moffett Field, California, Barbers Point Naval Air Station, Hawaii
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 9 Data Products| 1995-04-25 | 1995-05-21 |
| 1995-10-16 | 1995-11-10 |
| 1996-01-25 | 1996-02-16 |
| 1996-07-10 | 1996-08-11 |
| 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-25 |
| 1996-12-01 | 1996-12-20 |
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It can also be deployed on balloons. It uses mid-infrared (3.4–8 μm) absorption spectroscopy to measure atmospheric gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). ALIAS has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a time resolution of 3 seconds or less.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Stable Isotopes
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (ATLAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by NASA. ATLAS uses second-harmonic absorption spectrometry to measure trace gases in the lower stratosphere, such as nitrous oxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The laser inside ATLAS is tuned to the infrared absorption band of the target gas and is frequency modulated at 2 kHz, with second-harmonic detection happening at 4 kHz. ATLAS provides measurements with a time resolution of 1 second and a spatial resolution of about 200 meters when deployed on the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer (Harvard CO2) is an in situ airborne spectrometer operated by Harvard University. It measures carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations using a modified nondispersive infrared CO2 analyzer. CO2 mixing ratios are determined by measuring absorption at 4.26 μm. Harvard CO2 has a measurement sampling rate of 0.5 Hz and a precision of 0.05 ppm. Harvard is typically deployed on high-altitude aircraft like the ER-2, but it has been used for balloon-borne measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment (HOx) is an in situ laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor developed by Harvard University. It uses LIF centered at 309 nm to measure hydroxyl radical (OH). The OH is then converted into its first electronic state using a tunable ultraviolet laser near 282 nm. The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is measured as OH after chemical titration with nitric oxide. HOx has a short integration time of less than 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroxyl
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds > Hydroperoxy
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Hydrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Stratospheric-Tropospheric Exchange Project
1984—1987
Moffett Field, California; Darwin, Australia
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 1984-04-20 | 1984-05-06 |
| 1987-01-08 | 1987-02-19 |
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The Lyman-alpha Hygrometer is an in situ hygrometer designed for deployment on airborne or ground-based platforms. It measures water vapor absorption at the Lyman-alpha wavelength (121.6 nm) of atomic hydrogen to determine the total water content in the atmosphere. It has a detection limit of 0.1 ppmv and a typical data acquisition rate of 1 second. The Lyman-alpha hygrometer provides water vapor measurements with an accuracy of 6% and a precision of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The NOAA Frost Point Hygrometer (FPH) is a balloon-borne sensor that collects profile measurements of atmospheric water vapor. It employs the chilled-mirror principle to determine the frost or dew point temperature up to 28 km in the atmosphere. FPH takes measurements with a vertical resolution of 5-10 m and a temporal resolution of 1-2 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Dew Point Temperature
Stratospheric-Tropospheric Exchange Project
1984—1987
Moffett Field, California; Darwin, Australia
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 1984-04-20 | 1984-05-06 |
| 1987-01-08 | 1987-02-19 |
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
The Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) is an in situ airborne instrument used to measure atmospheric state parameters. MMS provides high-resolution, accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction and speed immediately around the plane. Additional parameters that can be derived include potential temperature, true airspeed, turbulence dissipation rate, and Reynolds number. Measurements of all parameters are typically collected at a rate of 20 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Static Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Flight Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > U/v Wind Components
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Platform Characteristics > Airspeed/ground Speed
The Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) is an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later modified by NCAR. It measures brightness temperature from oxygen molecules at 56.363 GHz, 57.612 GHz, and 58.363 GHz. These measurements are converted into air temperature through a statistical retrieval process. It samples across 10 viewing angles and has a vertical resolution of 150 m near the aircraft. MTP provides profiles every 17 seconds with about 4 km of horizontal spacing.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The NOAA Frost Point Hygrometer (FPH) is a balloon-borne sensor that collects profile measurements of atmospheric water vapor. It employs the chilled-mirror principle to determine the frost or dew point temperature up to 28 km in the atmosphere. FPH takes measurements with a vertical resolution of 5-10 m and a temporal resolution of 1-2 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Dew Point Temperature
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (ATLAS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer developed by NASA. ATLAS uses second-harmonic absorption spectrometry to measure trace gases in the lower stratosphere, such as nitrous oxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The laser inside ATLAS is tuned to the infrared absorption band of the target gas and is frequency modulated at 2 kHz, with second-harmonic detection happening at 4 kHz. ATLAS provides measurements with a time resolution of 1 second and a spatial resolution of about 200 meters when deployed on the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Lyman-alpha Hygrometer is an in situ hygrometer designed for deployment on airborne or ground-based platforms. It measures water vapor absorption at the Lyman-alpha wavelength (121.6 nm) of atomic hydrogen to determine the total water content in the atmosphere. It has a detection limit of 0.1 ppmv and a typical data acquisition rate of 1 second. The Lyman-alpha hygrometer provides water vapor measurements with an accuracy of 6% and a precision of 5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA-O3) is an in situ optical balloon-borne and airborne instrument that measures ozone concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It operates at a wavelength of 254 nm, enabling it to calculate ozone number density due to the precise ozone absorption cross section at that wavelength. It has a sampling rate of 2 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 100 to 200 meters during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) is an airborne passive radiometer that measures broadband solar irradiance. RAMS includes two radiometers: the Total Solar Broadband Radiometer (TSBR) and the Fractional Solar Broadband Radiometer (FSBR). The TSBR operates in the 0.224 to 3.91 μm range, while the FSBR operates between 0.68 and 3.3 μm. It has a response time of approximately 60 milliseconds and can provide measurements every 5 meters for aircraft speeds around 75 m/s. RAMS is primarily used for airborne operations but can also be used to collect ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
HOPEX
Houston Precipitation Experiment
1995
Ellington Field, Houston, TX, Gulf of Mexico Coastline
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 1995-01-05 | 1995-01-13 |
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) is an airborne X-band radar designed to operate on the nose of the ER-2 aircraft. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width to characterize precipitation systems. EDOP operates at a 9.6 GHz frequency and provides data at a rate of 2 Hz. It has a typical gate spacing of 75 m and a beamwidth of 2.9 degrees. EDOP has been replaced by the EXRAD radar.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
MABEL
Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar
2010—2014
Western United States, Mid-Atlantic, Alaska, Greenland, Iceland
view all deployment dates
7 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2010-12-01 | 2010-12-12 |
| 2011-03-22 | 2011-04-05 |
| 2012-02-22 | 2012-04-27 |
| 2012-09-14 | 2012-09-28 |
| 2013-07-01 | 2013-07-03 |
| 2013-09-18 | 2013-09-27 |
| 2014-07-10 | 2014-08-02 |
The Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL) is an airborne lidar system designed to be a testbed for the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) onboard ICESat-2. It measures lidar backscatter at 532 and 1064 nm to determine the properties of ice, snow, water, and cloud. MABEL has a swath width of 1.05 km.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
MABEL
Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar
2010—2014
Western United States, Mid-Atlantic, Alaska, Greenland, Iceland
view all deployment dates
7 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2010-12-01 | 2010-12-12 |
| 2011-03-22 | 2011-04-05 |
| 2012-02-22 | 2012-04-27 |
| 2012-09-14 | 2012-09-28 |
| 2013-07-01 | 2013-07-03 |
| 2013-09-18 | 2013-09-27 |
| 2014-07-10 | 2014-08-02 |
The Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL) is an airborne lidar system designed to be a testbed for the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) onboard ICESat-2. It measures lidar backscatter at 532 and 1064 nm to determine the properties of ice, snow, water, and cloud. MABEL has a swath width of 1.05 km.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (ACATS) was an in situ airborne four-channel gas chromatograph. It used electron capture detection (ECD) to measure various halocarbons and trace gases in the stratosphere. Measurements are provided every 125 or 250 seconds, depending on the gas species. ACATS is now retired and has been replaced by the Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Carbon Tetrachloride
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Chlorofluorocarbons
Westcoast & Heartland Hyperspectral Microwave Sensor Intensive Experiment
2024
Western United States, Great Plains, Pacific Ocean
Ongoing
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2024-10-17 | 2024-11-18 |
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
The NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Interferometer (NAST-I) is an airborne infrared interferometer operated and maintained by NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy to measure brightness temperature and radiance. NAST-I operates within the spectral range of 3.7-16.1 µm and has a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm-1. It features a spatial resolution of 2.6 km and a cross-track swath width of 46 km at a flight altitude of 20 km. A complete scan cycle for NAST-I takes approximately 12.2 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Atmospheric Temperature Indices
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Airborne Radio Occultation (ARO) is an airborne passive sensor that detects refractive delays in radio signals from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). ARO uses these measurements to determine the vertical profiles of temperature and water vapor in the atmosphere. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 150-250 km and a vertical resolution of 200-400 m. ARO has a sampling rate of 1 Hz and typically collects about 45 profiles per flight.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radio Wave
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Conical Scanning Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer Hyperspectral (CoSMIR-H) is a passive airborne hyperspectral radiometer. It is a modified version of CoSMIR that replaces the 50 and 183 GHz receivers with hyperspectral receivers in the 50-58 GHz and 175-191 GHz frequency ranges. CoSMIR-H still maintains the dual-polarized channels at 89 and 165 GHz. It measures brightness temperature to retrieve vertical profiles of temperature, water vapor, and cloud properties. CoSMIR-H has a nadir footprint of 1.6 km and 1.4 km at the 50-58 GHz and 89-183 GHz frequencies, respectively, for a flight altitude of 20 km. It features an integration time of 10 ms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Microwave Barometric Radar and Sounder (MBARS) is an airborne sensor developed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Langley Research Center (LaRC), and Tomorrow.io. It is a combined active and passive microwave sensor used to measure surface air pressure in the oxygen absorption V-band (64-70 GHz). It includes a cross-track scanning differential absorption radar (DAR) to estimate total atmospheric oxygen content and determine surface dry air pressure. It also provides hyperspectral radiometric temperature profiles to enable vertical pressure profiles. It has a horizontal resolution of 1 to 4 km and a swath of 10 km at flight altitudes of the ER-2 aircraft.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Surface Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem Postlaunch Airborne eXperiment
2024
Southern and Central California
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 14 Data Products| 2024-08-28 | 2024-09-30 |
The Spectropolarimeter for Planetary EXploration - Airborne (SPEX Airborne) is an airborne polarimeter developed by the Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON). It was created to validate and test the capabilities of the spaceborne SPEX instrument. SPEX Airborne measures radiance between 400 and 800 nm at a spectral resolution of 2 nm across nine viewing angles. It has a 6-degree cross-track swath and a spatial resolution of approximately 200 meters at nadir.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Pushbroom Imager for Cloud and Aerosol Research and Development (PICARD) is an airborne imaging spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at Ames Research Center (ARC) with science and management support from Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It provides visible near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagery to support atmospheric research and validate satellite retrievals. PICARD operates across 205 spectral bands over a wavelength range of 400-2500 nm. It has a pixel spatial resolution of 5- 50 m and a swath width of 2-16 km, depending on altitude. PICARD has a frame rate of 6.25-100 Hz, depending on integration time, and a field of view of 50 degrees.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Airborne Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (AirHARP) is an airborne polarimeter developed by the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). AirHARP provides measurements of the microphysical properties of aerosols and clouds in the atmosphere. It operates across four spectral channels (440, 550, 670, and 870 nm) and features a wide swath and fine angular resolution. AirHARP can deliver imagery at 60 viewing angles at the 670 nm channel and 20 viewing angles at the other three channels. Its multi-angle imaging capabilities make AirHARP ideal for cloud and aerosol research applications.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Droplet Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) is an airborne, passive polarimeter developed by SpecTIR Corporation. It measures total radiance and linear polarization across nine spectral bands in the visible and infrared wavelengths (410-2250 nm). These measurements can be used to determine aerosol and cloud properties. RSP has a time resolution of 0.8 seconds, a field of view of 14 mrad, and a horizontal resolution of approximately 100 meters at an altitude of 5 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Forward Scatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Droplet Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Asymmetry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Top Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
The Portable Remote Imaging Spectrometer (PRISM) is an airborne push-broom spectrometer developed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). PRISM was designed to provide the necessary spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution to characterize events in coastal zones that satellite observations cannot offer. The spectrometer within PRISM operates in the near-ultraviolet to near-infrared range (350-1050 nm) to capture imagery over coastal ocean regions. PRISM also includes a two-channel radiometer operating in the shortwave infrared (1240 and 1640 nm) wavelengths to deliver accurate ocean color measurements. It features a high temporal resolution (167 Hz) and can fly below cloud cover at various altitudes, enabling it to resolve spatial features down to 30 cm.
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Reflectance
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Ocean Color
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Chlorophyll
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Radiance
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry
The High Spectral Resolution Lidar 2 (HSRL-2) is an airborne lidar developed by NASA's Langley Research Center. HSRL-2 measures aerosol backscatter at 355, 532, and 1064 nm wavelengths and aerosol extinction at 355 and 532 nm wavelengths. It has a horizontal resolution of 1-2 km and a vertical resolution of 15 m, with measurements taken approximately every 0.5 seconds. It replaced the original High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness > Angstrom Exponent
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Geoscience Laser Altimeter System Validation Experiment
2003
Western United States, Pacific Ocean
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2003-10-16 | 2003-11-01 |
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Video cameras capture video recordings of various phenomena for research purposes. They are used on aircraft to provide continuous views of weather and terrain below the flight path. Video cameras are also employed to verify the aircraft's flight track. Additionally, they are deployed at field sites to monitor changes in vegetation, land cover, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other Earth science phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
WINter Cloud Experiment
1997
Upper Midwest, Great Lakes, Canada
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 1997-01-23 | 1997-02-13 |
The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
Digital cameras are used to provide imagery for research applications. Cameras are used on aircraft to collect aerial imagery for mapping and surveying, environmental monitoring, cloud observations, agriculture, geological studies, and other Earth science applications. They are also used at field sites to capture visual observations to monitor changes in land cover, vegetation, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
WINter EXperiment
1999
Upper Midwest, Great Lakes, Canada
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 1999-03-15 | 1999-04-04 |
The NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Microwave (NAST-M) is an airborne microwave radiometer operated by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It measures brightness temperature, which can be used to retrieve water vapor profiles in the atmosphere. It consists of two radiometers: one operating across eight channels between 50-57 GHz and the other across nine at 118 GHz. In 2003, NAST-M was upgraded with two additional radiometers at 183 and 425 GHz to enhance water vapor retrievals and detect small hydrometeors. NAST-M has a spatial resolution of 2.6 km and a cross-track swath width of 100 km at a flight altitude of 20 km. Its typical integration time is 100 ms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Interferometer (NAST-I) is an airborne infrared interferometer operated and maintained by NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy to measure brightness temperature and radiance. NAST-I operates within the spectral range of 3.7-16.1 µm and has a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm-1. It features a spatial resolution of 2.6 km and a cross-track swath width of 46 km at a flight altitude of 20 km. A complete scan cycle for NAST-I takes approximately 12.2 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Atmospheric Temperature Indices
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Video cameras capture video recordings of various phenomena for research purposes. They are used on aircraft to provide continuous views of weather and terrain below the flight path. Video cameras are also employed to verify the aircraft's flight track. Additionally, they are deployed at field sites to monitor changes in vegetation, land cover, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other Earth science phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Arctic Radiation Measurement in Column: Atmosphere-Surface
1995
Brooks Range, North Slope, Beaufort Sea, Alaska
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 1995-06-02 | 1995-06-17 |
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Alaska-April95
Alaska-April95 Campaign
1995
Alaska, Bering Sea
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 1995-03-31 | 1995-04-25 |
The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) is an in situ spectrometer manufactured by TSI Instruments. APS measures aerodynamic particles in the 0.5-20 μm size range. It also measures the light-scattering intensity of the particles in the 0.37-20 μm optical size range. APS provides particle size distributions for 52 channels at a typical sampling time of 1 second. It uses a laser diode operating at 655 nm and has a size resolution of 0.02 μm at 1 μm. APS can be deployed on aircraft, ships, or ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
CaPE
Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment
1991
East-Central Florida
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 1991-07-08 | 1991-08-18 |
The Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sounder (MAMS) is an airborne multispectral scanner developed by modifying NASA’s Thematic Mapping Sensor (TMS). MAMS captures reflected radiances in eight visible/near-infrared (VNIR) bands and thermal emissions in four infrared bands. It was built to study weather-related phenomena such as storm system structure, cloud-top temperature, and upper atmospheric water vapor. MAMS operates within the 0.42-12.56 μm spectral range over 12 channels. It has a horizontal resolution of 100 meters and a swath width of approximately 37 kilometers at a flight altitude of 20 kilometers. MAMS scans at a rate of 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Millimeter-Wave Temperature Sounder (MTS) was an airborne microwave radiometer developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It consisted of two radiometers that measure brightness temperature for precipitation and atmospheric temperature profiling. One radiometer was an eight-channel scanning spectrometer centered on the 118.75 GHz oxygen line. It had a 7.5-degree beamwidth and an integration time of 224 ms per spot, resulting in a 0.5 K resolution. The second radiometer was a single-channel nadir-viewing system operating from 52 to 56 GHz with a 10-degree beamwidth. MTS was replaced by the NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed Microwave Radiometer (NAST-M).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission-Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere
1999
Brazil, Southwest Amazon basin
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 1 Data Product| 1999-01-07 | 1999-02-28 |
The ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) is an airborne X-band radar designed to operate on the nose of the ER-2 aircraft. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width to characterize precipitation systems. EDOP operates at a 9.6 GHz frequency and provides data at a rate of 2 Hz. It has a typical gate spacing of 75 m and a beamwidth of 2.9 degrees. EDOP has been replaced by the EXRAD radar.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) is an in situ airborne system that detects electric fields. LIP uses eight electric field mills and a conductivity probe to measure the three-dimensional components of electric fields in thunderstorms around it. LIP has a sampling frequency of 0.02 seconds and an accuracy of 2.5%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer. AMPR provides calibrated brightness temperatures, which can be used to determine cloud and precipitation characteristics. It operates across four microwave channels: 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz. These frequencies are sensitive to precipitation, making AMPR well-suited for studying rain events. It has a surface footprint size ranging from 640 m (85.5 GHz) to 2.8 km (10.7 GHz).
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer developed by NASA. MIR measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for studying clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. MIR operated near and around the following frequencies: 89, 150, 183, 220, and 325 GHz. It had an angular swath of 100 degrees and a sampling interval of 3 seconds. MIR usually operated on NASA ER-2 aircraft before being retired.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Video cameras capture video recordings of various phenomena for research purposes. They are used on aircraft to provide continuous views of weather and terrain below the flight path. Video cameras are also employed to verify the aircraft's flight track. Additionally, they are deployed at field sites to monitor changes in vegetation, land cover, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other Earth science phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Geological Earth Mapping Experiment
2023—2026
Southwestern United States, California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico
Ongoing
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 2 Data Products| 2025-05-23 | 2025-09-23 |
| 2023-04-25 | 2023-04-28 |
| 2023-08-28 | 2023-09-26 |
| 2024-04-02 | 2024-06-24 |
This description will be added in a future version.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
WDTS
Western Diversity Time Series
2020—2026
Southern California, Nevada, Pacific Ocean
Ongoing
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 6 Data Products| 2020-09-17 | 2020-10-15 |
| 2021-02-09 | 2021-04-02 |
| 2022-09-02 | 2022-09-09 |
| 2023-03-31 | 2023-05-02 |
| 2024-06-04 | 2024-06-28 |
| 2025-05-27 | 2025-07-17 |
This description will be added in a future version.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels in the 380 to 2510 nm range. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it still remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible to shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery and operates across 50 spectral channels within the 0.4-13 μm wavelength range. MASTER features a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on the flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Wisconsin Snow and Cloud Terra 2000 Experiment
2000
Upper Midwest, Great Lakes, Canada, Wisconsin
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2000-02-24 | 2000-03-13 |
The Cloud Lidar System (CLS) was an airborne lidar system that operated on the ER-2 aircraft. It measured lidar backscatter to determine the height structure of clouds, cloud thickness, and other cloud properties. CLS was also used to determine aerosol properties. It used a Nd-YAG operating at 1064 and 532 nm and had a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. CLS had a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a vertical sampling resolution of 7.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Airborne Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (AirMISR) is a passive remote sensor with a pushbroom design, developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). AirMISR captures visible and infrared images similar to those from the MISR instrument on the Terra satellite. It gathers data using a single camera at nine viewing angles and operates in four spectral bands: 443 nm, 555 nm, 670 nm, and 865 nm. AirMISR has approximately an 11 km swath width and an instantaneous field of view of 7 m x 6 m at nadir. It is usually flown on the NASA ER-2 aircraft due to its high operating altitude of 20 km.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Land Surface > Topography
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns with high spectral resolution. These measurements help derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It operates at a sampling frequency of 0.5 seconds and has an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Video cameras capture video recordings of various phenomena for research purposes. They are used on aircraft to provide continuous views of weather and terrain below the flight path. Video cameras are also employed to verify the aircraft's flight track. Additionally, they are deployed at field sites to monitor changes in vegetation, land cover, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other Earth science phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
The CALIPSO-CloudSat Validation Experiment
2006
Eastern United States, Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2006-07-24 | 2006-08-14 |
The Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) is an airborne lidar system designed specifically to provide multi-wavelength measurements of cirrus clouds, sub-visual cirrus clouds, and aerosols. It measures lidar backscatter at three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. These measurements can be used to determine cloud optical depth, particle size distribution, extinction profiles, aerosol layers, and other properties. CPL has a vertical resolution of 30 m and a typical horizontal resolution of 200 m. It has a measurement sampling rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne multispectral spectrometer designed to simulate the satellite instrument Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MAS operates over 50 spectral channels in the 0.55 to 14.2 μm range, providing high-resolution images of clouds and surface features. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of 50 meters and a swath width of about 36 kilometers at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. Its scan rate is 6.25 Hz, with each scan line containing 716 pixels.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Cloud Radar System (CRS) is an airborne W-band (94 GHz) polarimetric Doppler radar designed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft. CRS provides radar observations of clouds and precipitation from the surface to the lower stratosphere. It has a horizontal resolution of 150 m and a horizontal sampling interval of 50 m. Its vertical resolution is 100 m with a vertical sampling interval of 37.5 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
Video cameras capture video recordings of various phenomena for research purposes. They are used on aircraft to provide continuous views of weather and terrain below the flight path. Video cameras are also employed to verify the aircraft's flight track. Additionally, they are deployed at field sites to monitor changes in vegetation, land cover, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other Earth science phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
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MODIS Airborne Simulator, Microwave Temperature Profiler, Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer, Counterflow Virtual Impactor, Research Scanning Polarimeter, Cloud Particle Imager, Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer, Particle Analysis By Laser Mass Spectrometry, Broadband Radiometer, Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer, Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer, Nucleation-Mode Aerosol Size Spectrometer, NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed Microwave Radiometer, JPL Laser Hygrometer, Meteorological Measurement System, Cloud Radar System, NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Interferometer, University of Alaska Fairbanks Lidar Scanner, Ceilometer, Cloud Physics Lidar
Rapid OZone Experiment, Picarro Gas Analyzer, Meteorological Measurement System, Printed Optical Particle Spectrometer, Compact Airborne NO2 Experiment, Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species, Harvard Halogens Instrument, Compact Airborne Formaldehyde Experiment, Harvard Water Vapor
Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer, Whole Air Sampler, Chemiluminescence Instrument, Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer, High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer, NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer, Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment, Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species
Argus Tunable Diode Laser Instrument, Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer, Whole Air Sampler, California Insitute of Technology Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer, High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer, Chlorine Nitrate Instrument, Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment, Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species
Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer, Whole Air Sampler, Submillimeter Limb Sounder, Airborne Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer, High-Sensitivity Fast-Response CO2 Analyzer, NOAA Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer, Chlorine Nitrate Instrument, Harvard Hydroxyl Experiment, Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species