Endeavor
R/V Endeavor

The Absorption and Attenuation Meter (ac-9) is an in situ water-based spectrophotometer made by WET Labs, Inc. It measures water's attenuation and absorption simultaneously across a spectral range of 412-715 nm. It can operate at depths up to 500 or 5000 meters and has a nominal sample rate of 6 Hz.

The ECO BB9 Backscattering Sensor is an in situ water-based optical sensor manufactured by WET Labs, Inc. It measures scattering across 9 wavelengths (412-715 nm) at a 117-degree angle. It can provide scattering measurements up to an ocean depth of 600 m. and in temperatures from 0 to 30 degrees Celsius. ECO BB9 has a sample rate of 1 Hz.

The Hyperspectral Surface Acquisition System Polarimeter (HyperSAS-POL) is a hyperspectral radiometer developed by the Optical Remote Sensing Laboratory at City College of New York (CCNY). It is typically deployed on research vessels and water-based platforms. It collects sky and sea radiance measurements across 180 wavelengths in the 305 to 905 nm range at a single azimuthal angle. HyperSAS-POL records data every 30 minutes to produce high-resolution time series.

The Multi-spectral Volume Scattering Meter (MVSM) is an in situ water-based optical instrument. It measures the volume scattering function (VSF) across eight wavelength bands (443-620 nm) at scattering angles from 0.5 to 179 degrees, with 0.25-degree intervals. It can also operate at a single wavelength of 532 nm. The device uses a rotating prism and provides two measurements of VSF: one from 90 to 180 degrees in ascending order and another from 180 to 360 degrees in descending order. The MVSM has a sample volume of 1.5 liters and collects measurements in about 1 minute at each band.

The LISST Submersible Particle Size Analyzer is a water-based in situ particle analyzer manufactured by Sequoia Scientific. It is a laser-diffraction-based particle size analyzer that measures suspended particle size and concentration in aquatic environments, such as the ocean, rivers, lakes, and streams. It provides particle size distribution from 1 μm to 500 μm in 36 size ranges. It has a maximum operating depth of 600 m at a resolution of 0.01 m and a typical sampling rate of 1 Hz. The laser within the instrument operates at 670 nm and has an optical path of 25 mm.

Sunphotometers are passive optical sensors that measure the amount of sunlight. They are pointed directly at the sun to measure direct sunlight and not sunlight scatter from aerosols. These measurements can be used to determine the aerosol optical depth by following Beer’s Law. Sunphotometers have been deployed on aircraft, research vessels, and field sites for aerosol research and monitoring.