Overview
The Twin Otter is a twin-engine turboprop research aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada. Several organizations including NASA, NOAA, and the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) owned and operated the Twin Otter aircraft to support atmospheric and oceanographic research. It has a typical endurance of 4 to 6 hours, a maximum range of about 600 nautical miles, and a maximum altitude of 25,000 feet. The Twin Otter can support a payload of up to 1,500 to 3,600 lbs depending on the specific aircraft.
Related Campaigns & Instruments
Review the instruments operated on this platform for each of these field campaigns
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Olympic Mountains Experiment
2015—2016
Olympic Peninsula in U.S. Washington State
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1 Deployment
· 36 Data Products| 2015-11-01 | 2016-05-01 |
The Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) is a suite of instruments that fly aboard an aircraft. In this suite is a Riegl Q1560 scanning lidar and a CASI 1500 imaging spectrometer. ASO measures snow water equivalent, albedo, and reflected radiance.
Earth Science > Cryosphere > Snow/ice > Albedo
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Snow Water Equivalent
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Lidar is a surveying method that measures distance to a target by illuminating the target with laser light and measuring the reflected light with a sensor. Differences in laser return times and wavelengths can then be used to make digital 3-D representations of the target.
Earth Science > >
If instrument mode or detailed specification information is not available, can use this entry for spectrometers of various types. A spectrometer is an instrument that measures a range of a characteristic for a given substance or wavelength. There are many different types of spectrometers. Some examples are mass spectrometers, spectrophotometers, and magnetic radiation spectrometers.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Ultraviolet Wavelengths
Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study
1994—1996
Boreal forests of central Canada
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2 Deployments
· 303 Data Products| 1994-02-02 | 1994-09-19 |
| 1996-02-27 | 1996-10-21 |
This data will be added in future versions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
If instrument model or detailed specification information is not available, can use this instrument entry for radiometers of various types (typically microwave-band) that are flown on aircraft.
Earth Science > >
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
This data will be added in future versions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for temperature, pressues, wind speed, wind direction, humidity
Earth Science > >
This data will be added in future versions
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This description will added in a future version.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
SnowEx
2016—2023
Grand Mesa, CO & Senator Beck Basin, CO
Ongoing
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3 Deployments
· 5 Data Products| 2019-12-19 | 2020-03-12 |
| 2021-01-11 | 2021-03-22 |
| 2016-09-26 | 2017-02-26 |
The Wideband Instrument for Snow Measurements (WISM) instrument was developed to address a remote sensing need to measure surface snowfall and its associated snow water equivalent. WISM consists of two airborne instruments: a dual-frequency (X and Ku) Synthetic Aperture Radar and a dual-frequency (X and Ka) radiometer with a shared common antenna aperture between the two.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Snow Water Equivalent
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Solid Precipitation > Snow
Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign 2007
2007
Southern Great Plains, Oklahoma, Kansas
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1 Deployment
· 7 Data Products| 2007-06-11 | 2007-07-06 |
The Passive Active L- and S-band Sensor (PALS) is a combined airborne polarimetric radiometer and radar developed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It was designed to evaluate the benefits of combining remote passive and active sensors for ocean salinity and soil moisture measurements. Both the radiometer and radar within PALS operate across the L- (1.41 GHz, 1.26 GHz) and S-band (2.69 GHz, 3.15 GHz) frequencies to measure brightness temperature and radar backscatter of ocean salinity and soil moisture. PALS has a spatial resolution ranging from 600 to 1500 m depending on the altitude of the aircraft. PALS can be equipped on many different aircraft due to its design and is typically used for validation of Aquarius and SMAP satellite observations.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Oceans > Salinity/density > Salinity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Cross-section
Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment
2017—2025
Alaska, western Canada
Ongoing
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 136 Data Products| 2018-07-02 | 2018-09-01 |
| 2022-07-05 | 2022-08-26 |
| 2017-04-27 | 2017-11-04 |
| 2019-06-30 | 2019-09-17 |
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
This data will be added in future versions
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First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment
1987—1989
Central Kansas
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2 Deployments
· 101 Data Products| 1987-05-26 | 1987-10-16 |
| 1989-07-24 | 1989-08-12 |
This data will be added in future versions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
This data will be added in future versions
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This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
This data will be added in future versions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for temperature, pressues, wind speed, wind direction, humidity
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This data will be added in future versions
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Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment
2021—2023
Centered approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco, California, USA
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3 Deployments
· 33 Data Products| 2023-04-03 | 2023-05-02 |
| 2022-10-06 | 2022-11-07 |
| 2021-10-17 | 2021-11-09 |
This data will be added in future versions.
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Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers Florida Area Cirrus Experiment
2002
Southern Florida
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1 Deployment
· 1 Data Product| 2002-07-03 | 2002-07-29 |
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) are in situ sensors that measure aerosol particle concentration. CPCs measure aerosol concentration by condensing fluid onto the particles, allowing them to grow to more detectable sizes for optical scattering. Typically, CPCs can detect particles with a size range of 7 nm-3 μm, can measure particle concentrations up to 100,000 particles/cc, and can provide measurements at 1-second intervals. CPCs are manufactured by TSI Incorporated and can be deployed on airborne, shipborne, and ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
If instrument name or model is not available but documents show that specific chemical compounds or constituents or their properties were observed, can use instrument entry. Examples include: CO, CO2, NO, NO2, N2O, HNO3, HNO4, OH, H2SO4, CH3CN, O3, H2O, halocarbons, VOCs, nitrates, aerosols (including CCN), aerosol optical properties, etc...
Earth Science > >
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
The Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) is a spectrometer that measures the chemical composition and properties of sub-micron aerosol particles. AMS has a maximum data collection of 100 Hz and can detect particles with a size range of 40 nm to 1 micron. It operates by switching between mass spectrum (MS) mode and particle time-of-flight (PToF) mode to determine the chemical makeup of aerosol samples. The AMS can be deployed on aircraft, ships, mobile laboratories, or placed directly at a field site.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Passive-Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (PCASP) is an in situ airborne optical spectrometer manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It measures the light scattered by particles to determine the aerosol size distribution and concentration in the 0.1 to 3.0 μm size range. PCASP operates at the 632 nm wavelength and has a typical sampling rate of 10 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It combines the Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP), the Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), and the Hotwire Liquid Water Content (LWC) Sensor into one instrument. CAPS measures the size distribution of aerosol, cloud, and liquid droplets for particles between the sizes of 50-1600 μm at a time resolution of 1 Hz. It can also record images of cloud particles and provide measurements of temperature, pressure, and LWC.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Droplet Size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
The Microorifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI), developed by MSP Corporation, is a high-accuracy aerosol sampler designed for gravimetric or chemical analysis. A high flow rate of 30 liters per minute is achieved by having up to 2000 nozzles for impaction while reducing jet velocity and pressure drop. Particles as small as 0.056 µm can be collected by the MOUDI. The MOUDI can be used for applications such as air pollution and air quality, engine emission testing, and aerosol analyses.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Broadband Radiometers (BBR) are modified versions of the Kipp & Zonen CM-22 pyranometers and CG-4 pyrgeometers. They have been modified to be more suitable for airborne platforms through different instrument housing and signal amplification. BBR measures solar irradiance in the 0.2-3.6 μm wavelength range and infrared (IR) irradiance in the 4.5-42 μm range. These measurements can be used to derive net irradiance, radiative forcing, absorption, and albedo. It has a typical sampling rate of 1 Hz and a hemispheric field-of-view.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Absorption
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Forcing
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Albedo
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) is an airborne radiometer developed by the Ames Atmospheric Radiation Group. It provides remotely sensed measurements of solar spectral irradiance in the troposphere. SSFR operates across the 300-2150 nm wavelength range and has a spectral resolution of 8-12 nm. It has a typical data collection rate of 1 Hz and has a radiometric accuracy of 3%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
This data will be added in future versions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter originally designed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It provides particle size distribution by measuring the intensity of the light scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles within a diameter range of 0.5 to 47 μm. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
The Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (TDMA) is an in situ airborne and ground-based analyzer that measures the physical properties of aerosol particles such as size distribution and concentration. It can measure particles in the size range of 0.013 to 0.75 mm at a size resolution of 0.013 mm at 0.2 mm. The TDMA is sometimes combined with an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) to allow measurements of particles in the submicron range. A typical measurement sequence of TDMA can take approximately 45 minutes to complete.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Forward Scatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality
2019
Northwestern and Southeastern US
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1 Deployment
· 26 Data Products| 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-05 |
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
If instrument model or detailed specification information is not available, can use this instrument entry for radiometers of various types (typically microwave-band) that are flown on aircraft.
Earth Science > >
FLIR is an infrared camera that detects infrared radiation. It can be used to see heat signatures on land surfaces. There are multiple kinds of this camera, and its design has evolved over the past few decades.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for temperature, pressues, wind speed, wind direction, humidity
Earth Science > >
Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality
2019
Northwestern and Southeastern US
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 26 Data Products| 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-05 |
The Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) is a spectrometer that measures the chemical composition and properties of sub-micron aerosol particles. AMS has a maximum data collection of 100 Hz and can detect particles with a size range of 40 nm to 1 micron. It operates by switching between mass spectrum (MS) mode and particle time-of-flight (PToF) mode to determine the chemical makeup of aerosol samples. The AMS can be deployed on aircraft, ships, mobile laboratories, or placed directly at a field site.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
If instrument model or detailed specification information is not available, can use this instrument entry for radiometers of various types (typically microwave-band) that are flown on aircraft.
Earth Science > >
The Particle Into Liquid Sampler (PILS) is an in situ aerosol sampler manufactured by Brechtel Manufacturing Inc. PILS can be utilized by both ground-based and airborne platforms to collect continuous measurements of ambient aerosol bulk composition. The particles sampled by PILS are mixed with saturated water vapor to produce droplets that are analyzed by either an ion chromatograph (IC) or a total organic carbon detector (TOC). PILS can measure aerosol particles with a size range of 70 nm to 2.5 μm and has a time resolution of 3 min for airborne measurements and 15 min for ground-based.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Sulfate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Organic Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Particulate Matter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
The Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS) is an in situ spectrometer manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It can be utilized on both airborne and ground-based platforms to measure aerosol size distribution and concentration. UHSAS determines the particle size by detecting the peak light signals of the aerosol particles which are illuminated by a 1054 nm laser. UHSAS can sample particles within the 60 - 1000 nm size range and has a sampling frequency of 10 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer was developed by NOAA. This instrument can take high-precision measurements of gases such as nitric acid, water vapor, and hydrochloric acid. This instrument was designed to take measurements accurately in the boundary layer. The detection limit for CIMS is in the parts-per-trillion range, and the temporal resolution is 50s.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Acid
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
The Picarro gas concentration analyzer is an in situ airborne or ground-based sensor manufactured by Picarro, Inc. It uses Wavelength-Scanned-Cavity Ring Spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) to measure trace gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and water vapor. For carbon dioxide measurements, the laser within Picarro operates at 1603 nm wavelength and 1651 nm wavelength for methane and water vapor measurements. Picarro has a typical sampling time of 2.5 seconds. Depending on the model, Picarro can also provide measurements of carbon isotopes for gas concentrations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Ammonia
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for temperature, pressues, wind speed, wind direction, humidity
Earth Science > >
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument. It provides measurements of nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere at a spatial resolution better than 100m for typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be utilized on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms allowing it to be used in various types of atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
If instrument name or model is not available but documents show that specific chemical compounds or constituents or their properties were observed, can use instrument entry. Examples include: CO, CO2, NO, NO2, N2O, HNO3, HNO4, OH, H2SO4, CH3CN, O3, H2O, halocarbons, VOCs, nitrates, aerosols (including CCN), aerosol optical properties, etc...
Earth Science > >
Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign 2007
2007
Southern Great Plains, Oklahoma, Kansas
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 7 Data Products| 2007-06-11 | 2007-07-06 |
Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) are in situ sensors that measure aerosol particle concentration. CPCs measure aerosol concentration by condensing fluid onto the particles, allowing them to grow to more detectable sizes for optical scattering. Typically, CPCs can detect particles with a size range of 7 nm-3 μm, can measure particle concentrations up to 100,000 particles/cc, and can provide measurements at 1-second intervals. CPCs are manufactured by TSI Incorporated and can be deployed on airborne, shipborne, and ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (TDMA) is an in situ airborne and ground-based analyzer that measures the physical properties of aerosol particles such as size distribution and concentration. It can measure particles in the size range of 0.013 to 0.75 mm at a size resolution of 0.013 mm at 0.2 mm. The TDMA is sometimes combined with an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) to allow measurements of particles in the submicron range. A typical measurement sequence of TDMA can take approximately 45 minutes to complete.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Forward Scatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
The Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) is an in situ airborne photometer manufactured by Radiance Research. It uses Beer's Law to measure the change in light transmission of aerosol particles. These measurements can be used to derive aerosol absorption and extinction. PSAP operates across three wavelengths (467, 530, and 660 nm) and has a temporal resolution of 1 second. It is typically deployed on aircraft, but it can be deployed on other platforms such as ships and vehicles.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
The Total Sky Imager (TSI) is a ground-based, optical instrument that is manufactured by Yankee Environmental Systems (YES), Inc. TSI can provide full-color, hemispheric images of the sky during the day by using a charge-coupled device (CCD) imager. It also can provide measurements of fractional sky cover and sun obscuration by cloud. TSI can be mounted on mobile platforms such as trailers and research vehicles, allowing it to collect cloud cover measurements in various locations during a field investigation.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Fraction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
The Passive-Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (PCASP) is an in situ airborne optical spectrometer manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It measures the light scattered by particles to determine the aerosol size distribution and concentration in the 0.1 to 3.0 μm size range. PCASP operates at the 632 nm wavelength and has a typical sampling rate of 10 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It combines the Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP), the Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), and the Hotwire Liquid Water Content (LWC) Sensor into one instrument. CAPS measures the size distribution of aerosol, cloud, and liquid droplets for particles between the sizes of 50-1600 μm at a time resolution of 1 Hz. It can also record images of cloud particles and provide measurements of temperature, pressure, and LWC.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Droplet Size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for temperature, pressues, wind speed, wind direction, humidity
Earth Science > >
The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is optical method for
counting atmospheric aerosol particles.
Earth Science > >
If instrument name or model is not available but documents show that specific chemical compounds or constituents or their properties were observed, can use instrument entry. Examples include: CO, CO2, NO, NO2, N2O, HNO3, HNO4, OH, H2SO4, CH3CN, O3, H2O, halocarbons, VOCs, nitrates, aerosols (including CCN), aerosol optical properties, etc...
Earth Science > >
The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter originally designed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It provides particle size distribution by measuring the intensity of the light scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles within a diameter range of 0.5 to 47 μm. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
CO2 and Methane Experiment
2014—2015
Southern California
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2014-08-18 | 2014-09-10 |
| 2014-05-04 | 2014-07-05 |
| 2015-08-19 | 2015-08-19 |
The Mako Airborne Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (Mako) is an airborne remote sensing instrument. Mako is used to measure the brightness temperature of the land surface as well as infrared radiation. Mako operates in the 21.7 - 39.5 THz frequency range and has a spatial resolution of 2 m and a variable temporal resolution. Mako has a similar operating principle to multiple satellite instruments, making it useful for validation and comparison.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
CO2 and Methane Experiment
2014—2015
Southern California
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2014-08-18 | 2014-09-10 |
| 2014-05-04 | 2014-07-05 |
| 2015-08-19 | 2015-08-19 |
The Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer - Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) is an airborne imaging spectrometer developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to operate alongside and eventually replace the AVIRIS Classic. AVIRIS-NG has been designed to operate aboard NASA’s ER-2, a Twin Otter, and a B-200. AVIRIS-NG operates between 380 nm - 2510 nm with 5nm spectral resolution. AVIRIS-NG has a spatial resolution of 18 m at 20 km altitude and is often used for terrestrial ecology research investigations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
CO2 and Methane Experiment
2014—2015
Southern California
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2014-08-18 | 2014-09-10 |
| 2014-05-04 | 2014-07-05 |
| 2015-08-19 | 2015-08-19 |
The Picarro gas concentration analyzer is an in situ airborne or ground-based sensor manufactured by Picarro, Inc. It uses Wavelength-Scanned-Cavity Ring Spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) to measure trace gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and water vapor. For carbon dioxide measurements, the laser within Picarro operates at 1603 nm wavelength and 1651 nm wavelength for methane and water vapor measurements. Picarro has a typical sampling time of 2.5 seconds. Depending on the model, Picarro can also provide measurements of carbon isotopes for gas concentrations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Ammonia
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for temperature, pressues, wind speed, wind direction, humidity
Earth Science > >
This description will be added in future versions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Enhanced Shortwave Experiment
1995—2000
Southern Great Plains, Southwestern United States
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 1 Data Product| 1995-09-22 | 1995-11-01 |
| 2000-02-21 | 2000-04-05 |
The Fractional Solar Broadband Radiometer (FSBR) was developed to measure fractional downward incoming shortwave radiation. It covers the portion of the near-infrared spectrum between 0.68 - 3.3 µm and can provide temporal resolutions of less than one second. The FSBR can be mounted on both ground and aircraft platforms and can be calibrated for comparisons between the two. An FSBR is also part of the configurable Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) that contains a complementary Total Solar Broadband Radiometer (TSBR).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Heat Budget > Shortwave Radiation
The Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) is an airborne passive radiometer that measures broadband solar irradiance. RAMS consists of two radiometers: the Total Solar Broadband Radiometer (TSBR) and the Fractional Solar Broadband Radiometer (FSBR). The TSBR operates in the 0.224 to 3.91 μm range while the FSBR operates between 0.68 to 3.3 μm. It has a response time of about 60 msec and can provide measurements about every 5 m for aircraft speeds around 75 m/s. RAMS is typically used for airborne operations, but it can be used to collect ground-based measurements as well.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
This data will be added in future versions
Earth Science > >
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Enhanced Shortwave Experiment
1995—2000
Southern Great Plains, Southwestern United States
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 1 Data Product| 1995-09-22 | 1995-11-01 |
| 2000-02-21 | 2000-04-05 |
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Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Fractional Solar Broadband Radiometer (FSBR) was developed to measure fractional downward incoming shortwave radiation. It covers the portion of the near-infrared spectrum between 0.68 - 3.3 µm and can provide temporal resolutions of less than one second. The FSBR can be mounted on both ground and aircraft platforms and can be calibrated for comparisons between the two. An FSBR is also part of the configurable Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) that contains a complementary Total Solar Broadband Radiometer (TSBR).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Heat Budget > Shortwave Radiation
The Airborne Cloud Radar (ACR) was established to study the vertical structure and distribution of clouds and their effects of radiative feedback processes. ACR was originally developed in 1996 by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab and the University of Massachusetts’ Remote Sensing Laboratory. It operates as a W-band radar at the 95 GHz frequency and with a peak power of 1.4 kW. By operating the ACR on airborne platforms, the typical precipitation-based attenuation associated with ground-based radars is removed, and viewing geometries are more closely related to space-borne platforms.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Return Power
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
The Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) is an airborne passive radiometer that measures broadband solar irradiance. RAMS consists of two radiometers: the Total Solar Broadband Radiometer (TSBR) and the Fractional Solar Broadband Radiometer (FSBR). The TSBR operates in the 0.224 to 3.91 μm range while the FSBR operates between 0.68 to 3.3 μm. It has a response time of about 60 msec and can provide measurements about every 5 m for aircraft speeds around 75 m/s. RAMS is typically used for airborne operations, but it can be used to collect ground-based measurements as well.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
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The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter originally designed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It provides particle size distribution by measuring the intensity of the light scattered by individual particles within the cloud. FSSP can detect particles within a diameter range of 0.5 to 47 μm. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and has a typical sampling frequency of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
SnowEx
2016—2023
Grand Mesa, CO & Senator Beck Basin, CO
Ongoing
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3 Deployments
· 5 Data Products| 2019-12-19 | 2020-03-12 |
| 2021-01-11 | 2021-03-22 |
| 2016-09-26 | 2017-02-26 |
The Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer - Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) is an airborne imaging spectrometer developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to operate alongside and eventually replace the AVIRIS Classic. AVIRIS-NG has been designed to operate aboard NASA’s ER-2, a Twin Otter, and a B-200. AVIRIS-NG operates between 380 nm - 2510 nm with 5nm spectral resolution. AVIRIS-NG has a spatial resolution of 18 m at 20 km altitude and is often used for terrestrial ecology research investigations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment
2017—2025
Alaska, western Canada
Ongoing
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4 Deployments
· 136 Data Products| 2018-07-02 | 2018-09-01 |
| 2022-07-05 | 2022-08-26 |
| 2017-04-27 | 2017-11-04 |
| 2019-06-30 | 2019-09-17 |
This data will be added in future versions
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SHIFT
Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) High-Frequency Time Series
2022
Santa Barbara County, California, Pacific Ocean
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1 Deployment
· 9 Data Products| 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-29 |
The Hyperspectral Thermal Emissions Spectrometer (HyTES) is an airborne pushbroom imaging spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It was created to support the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) missions and has flown in several research missions since 2012. HyTES provides high spatial and spectral resolution measurements of brightness temperature, emissivity, and land surface temperature. It operates across 256 spectral channels between 7.5 and 12 µm wavelengths and has an integration time of 30 ms. HyTES has a horizontal resolution of 7 m and a swath width of 3.6 km at a flight altitude of 4 km. HyTES was funded through NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program (IIP).
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Emissivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Coastal and Ocean Airborne Science Testbed
2011
Monterey Bay, CA
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1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2011-10-21 | 2011-10-28 |
The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) is an airborne cross-track scanning interferometer developed by the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It measures the emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns at high spectral resolution. These measurements can be used to derive atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor in clear-sky conditions. S-HIS has a spatial resolution of 2 km and a swath width of 40 km at an altitude of 20 km at nadir. It has a sampling frequency of 0.5 s and an absolute radiance accuracy of 0.2 K.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
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The Airborne Tracking Sun Photometer (ATSP) is an airborne instrument that measures direct solar beam transmission. The ATSP measures solar beam transmission through multiple channels with wavelengths ranging between 354 and 2139 nm. These measurements can be used to derive aerosol optical depth and other aerosol properties. There are multiple versions of this instrument, including one developed by the NASA Ames Research Center.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness > Angstrom Exponent
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
SMAPVEX
Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment
2008—2022
United States, Canada, Iowa, Maryland, Arizona, Massachusetts, Manitoba
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5 Deployments
· 25 Data Products| 2008-09-20 | 2008-10-19 |
| 2012-06-06 | 2012-07-19 |
| 2015-08-02 | 2015-08-18 |
| 2016-05-25 | 2016-08-16 |
| 2022-04-02 | 2022-08-09 |
The Passive Active L- and S-band Sensor (PALS) is a combined airborne polarimetric radiometer and radar developed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It was designed to evaluate the benefits of combining remote passive and active sensors for ocean salinity and soil moisture measurements. Both the radiometer and radar within PALS operate across the L- (1.41 GHz, 1.26 GHz) and S-band (2.69 GHz, 3.15 GHz) frequencies to measure brightness temperature and radar backscatter of ocean salinity and soil moisture. PALS has a spatial resolution ranging from 600 to 1500 m depending on the altitude of the aircraft. PALS can be equipped on many different aircraft due to its design and is typically used for validation of Aquarius and SMAP satellite observations.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Oceans > Salinity/density > Salinity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Cross-section
SMEX
Soil Moisture Experiment
2002—2005
Iowa, Oklahoma, Georgia, Alabama, Arizona, Sonora, Mexico
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4 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2005-06-10 | 2005-07-08 |
| 2004-07-20 | 2004-08-26 |
| 2002-06-15 | 2002-07-23 |
| 2003-06-16 | 2003-07-21 |
This data will be added in future versions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
If instrument model or detailed specification information is not available, can use this instrument entry for radiometers of various types (typically microwave-band) that are flown on aircraft.
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Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
If instrument model information is not available, can use this instrument entry for temperature, pressues, wind speed, wind direction, humidity
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If instrument name or model is not available but documents show that specific chemical compounds or constituents or their properties were observed, can use instrument entry. Examples include: CO, CO2, NO, NO2, N2O, HNO3, HNO4, OH, H2SO4, CH3CN, O3, H2O, halocarbons, VOCs, nitrates, aerosols (including CCN), aerosol optical properties, etc...
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